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ƵĴСxɽ˵Ѫ֮
ݱǩ ǿǿ ж Խʱ 
1.     졣

άɶ½硣

櫣껹ôαһµĺڰЦһȹӪĶ˶ġ

ڰаߴ׳oġ

ûȺڰӪαġ𷢽ĹŮػصŮĽ𷢽̫ĹԻ貣òǼµɶ칤Ҳ޷òֱĽ

ͺڰ谮ĺӣû˭ʵòĿk

ǡڰ䣬˵ôk۳һźҪ֮λɡӮᣬʸ񣡡

櫻һ޲ӣǾʹɡ׹⣬һͻĽֳ

İ׷⡣ûСڰսһʼͰѰ˳

񿴵óȣɫһʼԴkͬٻԼİԨ

Щûгɣɽû׼㳯

һתԼǰһȦħ͸ڣȴȦʱôȦм䷺վǵסһ

ԶĺڰȻǵkδȫһȴɲСȴɾ͵סˡȥЩ꣬˳ĽøѲˡ

ֻôʵ𣿡櫽ߵħɢʵϸȥ˫ƺЩɻ

ʱԼܵʮ
ôԼ˲𣿣

ܵ̽Եعֱó汾¡k޳ָʮ£Ữһµڹϣʱһ۵ħͳϡ

һ֧굲ɣʮһأңʮһɲǼ򵥵ۼӣָԱɭ䣬ῴ汾°ɣ櫡װá

˿ţȣɿػһͼȻͼǰһƣͼͱһҫ۵Ĺǰ壬ӭײħ顪ر˲䱬ֱ˲Ϲ

ԶӪͺڰӪoԶվμ

Զıըϱֶееɲ

ŮĺԱߵĴ֮Ůҧ䣺ӦӮɣλ´Ҳ̫ˡ

ҪԹġ֮Ů񰲸ڴ½ڶ£ڶ֮ɲǸСĿµʵͳĳ̶ȡİɡ

Ůĵص˵ͷ

껹ûʲô櫰ȵںڰҪЩʧص

ȡȿȡڰǿаӿߵѪʻȥƿȼҪĺڰͽĹͽһ࣬ս¹˭ֻδ֪

˾ˡɫ䣬ⲿҲʵһ֡

Ϊŷֱ۾

ζعһ£ŷô᲻ŷԸķ䣬ɲ䲻񡣡

櫵õŵջȣ׼ȥչȻʤڰ񣬵ҲĹ࣬˼أҪú
Ҳջȵһ˲䣬ڰͻȻ⣬գ۾˺һռѷ죬Ȼk־Ͱ˽ȥ

ߣ껹ǺúòԼɣڰֱڡϼЦÿȻˣû˵ս֮֡װã껹̫ˡ

櫱ռѷʱһβЩ΢ƺڵûɴѺڰϣõkԼ

ֿռѷƽʱ˵һͿԺϵС⧲±ģֻȾԱ

񣬵ȥˣز꣡ǿҵĵҧ뵽

ѷĺڰЦʮֿȻЦЦž˹ȥ֮ǰֻðԼͻغڰȻͲʡˡkֺܵγأֻһֱ֧Űˣո櫵һǡɺĿ˵kȻ˹ȥ

ѷ櫲֪£ռЮǰ˲֪òͣ

櫳ȥϣһĿ硣ֲƾ󣬼ֱյòһƴ

񣿡ûüúù۲磬߾һЩ۵

񣿡˲Ͳµ˶Էݡ

šԷ̹Ȼسˡ

˵ֱӵ

ԷسĬ˼룬ܾˣ᲻档



ֳĬ˼룬ԷƳĬ

룬ǱҲе񡣡Էص᲻֪ΪλӦȥġ

ǡΪĳЩԭ櫶ԭ򺬺Ӯ֮Ǵˡ

ˣԸһʽףһæȥûʾԭ򣬶Ǽ˵

껹Ҫæ櫺ɵ

᲻档㵽ֹ

ʲôæĵôĥĥģʲôæͲһ˵ǵʡ

λ֮ӻ磬ֱȫɳ֣ص

磿Щֿڵ֣˼Ƭ̣ͬˡҪûеˣħֳԣٺòصˡ಻ǴӰˡֲûﶬλoһִġ

Ȼо̫ǿϾ˼ҵĵ̣ǿѹͷߣɴָˣҲٱڰ

ˬشӦˡ

Ϊȷܸõչλ֮ӣ̵ؼ䣬Ҫӡԣѹʵ¡

櫲⣬ѹʵ⣬绹Ƚۣͬʱλʵǿoܻ᲻̫ȶ

ΪҪӡԣ

̹˵Įӡ˲ܸõչ˺λ֮



λoһ£òվ櫷ӡ֮ԡòУ櫲ϰߣѾܽܵĵߡ

졣̵˱kչλ֮ӣkͿˮˡ

졣櫵





2.  ̸   㸸ĸչ㡣

ݲ׺Ϣ櫳ɹҵ˻硣֮˵kףΪһ˱ħΧһӣֻܼ˵Ļ硣

ȻѹʵȴȻλ׼񼶵ĴУʰĩڵһȺ͵ħֱҪ̫ɣ˲һħͰһȺ͵ħյûҶʣ

㣬ôˣ櫱ŤظԳơ

绹ûüشΪƹ˹ȥŸʮˣҲֻڵˮƽЩ͵ħ޺࣬ȫߣҲ޷ͬʱԿͬĵˡ

櫼򵥵ز鿴ƣҪǲҲº֢櫾ֱʩչ˴ָɫů⣬.ϵˣ˳ʶƣҲһɨա

ʲô⣬űôΧŹ櫷ӡ˴֮˺ܶ࣬ҲࡣЩι״ۣ࿴һ۶

֮£ֱϡüĿСС;ѾԼܿԺ󳤳ɺ档ȫκoȻǸ꣬ϵļȴѾʼ֡

֮ܶҪǷ磬ҲǱڶŮ׷Ķ
λ֮Ӱ

櫶ԴģοǹʩչģЧǲͬ졣ĵصһˡ

šʱԼĩһôˬǸոڼĴϺú˯һһ¼ӲĴָ档

ˡԱߴһŮŤͷȥЩһƬӲӻλۡգ˼۾ӦĽɫ

һ𷢽İƤˡκŮǶÿЩΪյŮǺһȣ˲Ϊƽӹ·ˡ

հȷǻ𷢱̫ĹԻ貣ɫѩһסıҲû˵Ľ

櫿Լ꣬ЩǲǱħɵˡ

΢΢˶һƿ̵ҩ

ˡ

ȻΪԼոնоߵͨ졣ӹҩЩֵɫûסʵʲô

⵱Ȼҩ绹ûĶûҵʳֻҪʳҪ

Ϊû櫱һϡֲҹҵز

á羡ŰɣͷĳԸеĻȡǵŮովԼ־Ͱôħˣʵɲ⡣ĴҪ׾٣ûҪʳ﷽涯ֽš

櫼׷ԼĹңһ綼ٵòˣֲ֪Ķ͵ȥˣû˽ĸſһ඼಻ֱֻӰεļĨˡ

ôᱻôΧһˡǵ˵λ֮ǺһΪ˵СӴһġ

ɬعһ£ұҵͬ鱳ˡվͻСЩ޷޶ԡ

ҵ˺ܶʣ˺ܶħĨرҩˮ˳ȥΪСӵġһһ䣬ȫѪᡣ

Ŷûаο˵ľ飬Ȼ꿴ѹ⣬Ҳ֪ô˵ֻܸɰͰ͵˵ԺǿˣҲڵ

š֪ڲ˴ʱѸʰ飬ʳǸһŮ֪⣺ˣΪʲôҪңҳԵġ֪ôƺŮ͸ɴֱӺˡˡ

ֻȥŮˡܾЩ֡

Ҳƺ֣㺰ҺնɡúˡǸǳƣʱط䡣ϲǳƣġ

ҡ㸸ĸʶ㸸ĸǰչ㡣Ӧĸɣ˸ڣŷּһ档

ҸĸչңɫʮֹŹ֣ĸǰȥˣչôô˲һ㲻˵ǣŮӲ˵ʵҲûʡ

Ǿ仰ҪˣûҪô䡣

šӦЩ顣

ޡûûʲôá

Ǻնˣܾʵֻʮꡣ

Ѿǧˡĵ⻰ֱ˵˳ɻᱻΪ˵ֿʼࣺʮˡ

ĺۣǰӲ˵ѵģ֮ȴһһ˵

磺ŶᡣʮûС

ûд櫣ɫҪˣƬħﶼѾˣǽϢɡ

áȻʲôҲħˣĻָ졣Ȼͬ⡣

ӿռó֮ǰ˯ʣݸ櫣˯ɣҹ

ĵλ֮ϵôرˡ

ǾܾˣãԼ˯컹£úϢ

£˿櫣ûжƴǣ˳˯

ȥΧһ󣬾Ͱĵؽ˴״̬ʼרĻָ

Ļв۵ħ͵Ϯ
۷ãҲרҵġ





3. [] ָ   

ա

ȻдԱ߻ΪԶԷ֪֪ףԻû˯̫ܿѹˡ
ճ˯ͺ櫵Ŀˡ

վѵúܿ졣Ȼ˾׼ɡ

õġҲûҪȥĶֱӾӦˡ

֣ץ

ԥս櫵֣Сɰ𪣬һϺõսһ̣ת绹ûüʲôӦǰľѾָ

ǡhУ۱ΧĻڴһƬҵһ˿ϤģÿϲΣ棬ȻҲһϳhкǸոմĵط֮һʡ

ֻʶɨطʺʵѣĶ֪ʲôطƬ֮ϣ޴ڣĶ˵ûʲô

նոõǿռ𣿡עܿתƵһϡһ˲ƶôԶľ룬һǺǿĿռɡ뵽֮ǰĻ棬ĵնҲȫ

ǰɡ˲£ͻᣬ˵Ȼؾһ

Խ𣿡ķᣬʳ˿ڡ˵ǿһ㶼ߵıֶΣײ⴫櫵˽ҲǺܺãֻʶʵ̫ǿˣԾͱšһԣһͬءͷһ¡

ԡν׼ָ磬ʵġҪ𡣡ڵħʵ̫ˡ

ħҲֻ˲Ƹһס

š翴櫵飬뷨µ˼֣дʹָȻԷıӼ濪ʼûСԱ˵仯ȽУǴϸ΢֮һЩͬ

׼һ¡櫲׼ͣ΢΢̧֣ϸ۵ָһ⣬漴ⲻ죬ܿӵ޷Զ˲Ϣ֮䣬͵˻β˻һֻħ

ֻħﳤþǷŴʮ󣬵첿һȦͻļëһ̶ӲŽɫ

ˡ
ѾбȽϺÿħˡ
櫻Ǻ

翴ħ櫵˼
ɱ

šҿˮƽ΢΢ס

õġȫĶͶǰħϡ

ħѾˣԼԼодˣѾԶˣȴǱץˣÿ࣡

΢΢һֻħϸ֪˼˿־,Ϊ

ָ΢΢һһصɼĽħԲħｩһ˲漴ոձǿץļ˲ʱ˿ֻܸܵĻ硣

ζζħ𽥿ܣ˻һ˹ȥ

˿ţֵͼħնɱܶΣѲԸֻħ˵ʲô

һܿħѪڣָ֮۳ƬƬУڱܿħһ˲͵طƬֱͱħ

ħʹһ׷

ϵĳ֣ʱһ˲䣬ͽưѱ׶ħҪħëӲҪսðסħʹʱиһ˲䣬ͽҪ

ħﱻҪºȻأ

ȷǰʿԲڳһöͨ׵ľ塣
ˮ飬ϴϵѪ󣬲֡

Ĳ櫿϶ǱıԶˣúʱձسɴ

Цһ£Ѿݸ櫣ħľˣ׸


ƾĶۣ櫲̫ҪȻ־ܺÿΪĹʲô汦ûңֱʯǴڳģȻϴɾˣ櫻Щ

뵽ǻע»õĵһʤսƷͲ̫ľܾˡ

ǣջǽӹ˾塣

櫼ȻʤˣȴֲܴڣҲʮɬ

ΪһȫߣʵӦֻô㡣
ɫһݣû˵Լȫߡ

ӦѧЩԪءǼ򵥵ؿٻǰ嵱صһ֣ԪڣǾһ֡櫱˵һʾ
̧֣ɫȴѾȫ˱ƿһıƷ΢΢һħ˹ţ櫵ָͻȻ䳤ıָ׾һ׾پʹħķ

ʾذħʬ嶪Զùָס

磺

ۼɶԣԼԪػΪȷʵһԵеĺð취۾ﱬ⣬ԾԾԡ

˰ɣҪѧľǰԪػһһЩ֡ע⣬ںǶԴʱҪʹԪػսĵĶӣ治ֻʾһͿˡ

һسƺħΪĪеЦ
ӦˡȻ櫼򵥿ĻʶԷʲô֪ǵһһ
ĳ̶ֳϣˡ

ǰ̫죬Ǳ䵽ʳ˱䵽ʳˮԡ֮ܶͱˣֻʣħеָһе֮ޱ仯ͨˡ࣬䵽ǼӲһжֲȫ˱졭
ĩĻϸ˵һ顣

ԸԴ̫ϡȻص˵ͷǵһμΪԪزô仯硣յõʱڴ½Ҳȥһ䣬ʶķ顣ĩǵһμе˼

š署໰оеɣ˿ɫѾˣɴӿռóʳˮ׼緹

ؿδʳŻʳֳݣһݸ

ҡҡͷҲҪʳ

Ҫʳͫ׵˻᲻Ҫʳܻ𣿻˵ˣһ˲䣬Թǧֲ²⣬ʲôû˵ҲûʣذԼǷʳ꣬ûʳ·Ž˿ռ䡣

һ£Ȼϰ櫿ˣڵλ֮ڵʵҲ̫ˣҪǿͲиҪúѵƻ

Ҫͽ֪˷˰ɡ

õġ֪ΪãϾ˵ĩÿǿһʵһֱϡǿʳԭֵ쾡¡

һŬϺȡ
Ȼ֪ĿʲôҪĵطһǡ





4.     ı

櫴hһ£ÿ˱ҪĽʳѵôһ£ڳԪػʱ״̬ĳˡͬʱҲͻƵȻǳڣѾﵽڵˮ׼
櫽ΪοǵʵԼhǵħطټѵ
һµദ櫵Ĺ۸ʮָӡʮָмģͬʱĲͨ飬ȴְֺޡﶼȺնͨ԰ɡƵ롣

׼һ£ǻط櫼Ҫصһ£ͻ˵ġ
áӦ£ܲȥhһʣһ£˾ͺ;ҩ˾Ϊʩչһֱûпȥhǵʡ
ռʣĲˡ
ʲô鶼鷳櫡

ΪίرԼҪһЩ˽ܿռ䡣֮ŮôίرԸûֱҪֱӰ֮Ůˡ
ɡ
櫴Ӧˣ˳óһŽĺݸ

ϣųʶ


ȥɣΣվҡ塣ֶҡֱʶҡԡҪ˽ܿռ䣬Ͳˡڵλ֮ӻ̫Сˣûһô졣ΪԷһ櫵һ渽ľֻҪԷǿ

ĿǰǿԻǾ԰ȫġ

櫳׷ġ

õģллϧһСܸˡ
ĵһһúñġ

°ͣȥɡ֮ڻ

á

Żת뿪ٴԭش˷ʱ䣬˭֪ڵʱ䣬ڰӪǰһʲô۶ӡһûеµߡ

Ҫץʱָʵȥͳ֡

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һȥ͸ܵ˻˵Ϣ
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簵˾ġ

һһǰ߶ӷŵüᣬžĿռš

洫һЩOO@@ܿͣˣ΢ĽŲƶ

һˣһа˸ˣһСӡ粻ɵ뵽˵һˣ櫵£ԭѾ£ȴٶȱ˼䡣

𽥿׼
߽Ƴһ˵ݣɵһ¡һµϢһ˲ĲȣͱԷ

˭˭һݴĽ׳˵ȵ

ۼԼѱ֣ɴ˳

Ⱥһݿ꿴һ£žϲ磿㻹ţ̫ˣ

Щп󣬺þòʶ½󡣹п

½󳯽׳ӵ֣Լˡ

ǰһ˻һӵsǳ£Ҵȥˣȴ˸գΪ
ۿ΢죺㻹ţ̫ˡ

ЦһʱصУˡ

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֪˵ʲôʵѸ棺һûмκλء

ҪҪsأүүǻص쵼ˡ½

ԥһ£̹ϵһһͬ飬Ҫѯ櫼룬ͼ롣櫲Ը⣬Ҳ롣

õġ½ھȥͬɡ

ںͷжѰʡεǼߣֱ߰ɡ

½һ˼⣬ҲѰʵġ˿Χˣû˵ͬСһʶóȻӺпΪֵö鲻ϣǿɾ͵òʧˡ

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նԸȥ𣿡ǰһ飬ЩʵܸоնǸϰڶˡ

ȷʵһȺ˴һ𡣵ӦʱˣܲھֲܡҾһˣƳɡ彡Ҫӡ

ǣɡ櫴Ӧˡ͵ʶһķˡ롣

翪ĵزûס飬ԭΪ櫴ʲͬ⣬Ҫô½˵û뵽ͬˡ

翴櫼۵ķɫɫѵնߵûķɫɫ㲻һֱ˶ŵĻûһ¡
˵꣬ó˼ƿȾҲǹͬһ;ʱ˼ƿȾá
ⲻھóˡ

櫿ȥЩɻ󣬡ߵ˶ʲôɫɫǺɫ𣿡
ֻһ࣬ȻΪ׼˵ġ

ȫǺɫǺڷĵԺ󻹵ú櫿һĩǰĻʶôʲô֪òǱ紩Խİɡ

Щɫ˽Ĳɺڷڰװ磬ŲúԼ϶ͷһ

ɫɫɫһЩȽϳɫ˵˳

ԼȽϲɫͷ˵ɫ͸ˮɫ۽ޱ˺ɫ
û취۽޾Ȼûеɫֻкɫ

ʰɣⷢɫǸٷͫ粻òڵӱ֮ǰ˶ˡ
Ҫ櫻֮ǰӣÿ˶ܶơ

˰ɡƳȾ֮Ա

Цã˵ͷˡȾ˸į

ǾȥѰɡ櫵·

õġ





5.  ס   sء

½櫣ʵһѣͬʱҲΪ֪Ϊʲôһ򲻽ŮɫĻĸԸŮߡ
˼ˣ˭᲻
Լصúܺãһʼˣıֶʮ

һʮһsȥ;ͣ½ʳʱΪԼԵҸ룬櫵һγʳ
ʵʵ˵ЩѳԡܷʳѾʧȥԭζ櫲̫ϲݲݳ˼֮ͷˡ

ԱмһֱĹעһһ櫰£һģ˹ĵʵôͳô㣬㿴㶼ݳʲôˡ

½źۼüҶĺǿ̰ɫԶغʲôɿصΣգҲѡҶĺӡ
ûأͿʼ˴ˡ

û
ʶˣ˵һĸоӻ

ȻԼ˵˲Ҷĺƿ
ÿ˶Ƣģ˵Ĵˡ

˵Իһͬʱڣ
նϲǴء
ҶĺƣܲҪ˼СԲ㣬㻹Ͱʹȥ

ҶĺЦЩΣⲻǿնСûԶ٣ö

ġڿˣɤĮ

Ҷĺεӣػȥˡ

ͨ櫽ʶܻзֵġͨ櫸ŵľΪý飬櫽оĽ



û櫻ص

ǾСˡֻҶĺ櫾òʡ

½棬ԲĺҲһƬȻնСû⣬ҲˣֱӪϢɡ·Ǿsˡ

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һҹ޻

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䵭صǡҲ͡

½ЩΡ

ЦŴԲ⣬նԸ񡣡

½Ƶص˵ͷȴһĨӵɫٶȿ쵽ע⵽

е⡣롣

˸տsأſʹȵߺˣ

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Ҷɡ½к

ˣеıһֲ١Ļȥȴ½΢Цŵ

ãڴ´κ½ݺƷ˿ΡСӵ˵½½ɢˡ

ͺնС˶ɢ֮½ŵÿպͻ˵Ϊǰŷ䡣

лЦ

ֵ֮䣬ʲô½Цᴷ˻һ¡

Ĭظ

¹£ҵĺֵܺͬնС㣬ϣΪǰһס½һȲ˽ˡ

ã֪ˣүġ¹Ŀתˣ֮ڲҴͶأ»ؿշ伱١λίһ£סһ䷿𣬷ģǾƵͳ׷ǻһǼƵꡣ˵󣬳¹µв͸¶һԺ֮⡣

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Ҳ˵ͷɡסĶνҪ˯

ˡ¹ЦǷԿס

ӹԿף½һ£ˣʲôҪľңסڱͥһű鷳¹´ȥһ䡣

õү¹һӦ£

鷳¹ˡò

û¶¹ºˬһЦ򵥰һ¾ʹ˳ȥ

·ϣ¹¸꾡˻أ簵ЩϢ

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櫿ű鲼ҳķ䣬üͷ΢Ȼָһ׹⣬ǰĿһ£׹˲˳ָɳΧŷһȦϢ֮ͰѷһȾ˳˷ļͷ

̾Ϊֹ

ڣ櫾֪Ҫ˵ʲôһڣļٽ㡣ڵħ̫ˣһξͻĿմ

εص˵ͷ

˯ԣ˯ԡһ˵һ߼򵥽䷿Ĳ֡

櫵ͷ

ǽһ£ڻһ䡣¹˵ļšûʶĩļС

ɡ޿޲ɡȥǾȥɡ

ȥϴˡӿռó·׼߾ͱ櫽ס

Ȼħǳ٣һ˹ˡȽ΢һ߽һʾһ顣

ѧ˼ͻˣֻû̫

ܴ櫿֮Ů񵱳ѧʱѧ˼ʮżסôá

̹ȻЦЦˣͲһˡ

ţȻѧˣȥϢɡ櫵

õġԹӦˡ





6.     ӡ

ˡһ櫾͸оˣĵصȻԼ꣬ų

׼ˣ櫵ʵ

š

Ǿ߰ɡһ˵һſȥ

磺ܸо̨ʡ

*
ëƤëɵķףˣֻҪȾˣһ˷ߺȡ

Ⱦ˾Ƕħľˡ߽߱͡

櫵˵ͷƬӿ۲ЩƷ
翴ȫûתͷΪʲôȤ׼ļƻ֮

櫵һطͣסˣɫҲ΢΢һ˿̱ʱעĻ粶׽ˡ

ôˣĵʵ

ϤϢ櫵ֱӳǴطȥ
̸ϡ

÷¹ˣһöȾˣ̯ߺȣֻϧ̯ǰǹ˿ȡ

ϰ壬ⶨҲ̫˰ɣֻܿǻҪһöȾˣⶼ൱öһȾˡ·ҡҡͷˡ

ĩ֮ľ˱Ӳͨͬľͬ׼ͬһĻ׼öһöȾ൱öһȾˡĵ߼Ļ׼ʮö˵żĻ׼Ƕʮöʮʮħڴ˵ڻûг֣Իûл׼

α÷¹׽ˣرƻ̯ͣαħȷʵһαħһЩ㿴ǣǲرƯôҲûģ

ôֻҪһöȾˣ˺ɡֺÿħöȾˡ

ϰڼ辧ˣԿ˦ҪҪĿҪץˣûˣ

Ҫ𣿡۲ɫʵ

櫵˵ͷ

ϰ壬ҪˡɴͳһöȾˣݸϰ塣

ãáϰϲ׼ӹʱбͻȻһֻҲŶȾ˵Ĵ֡

Ҫˡ

粻õ̧ۿȥһ˹Ŀˡ

ãҽзҽܣsеСӵĶӳʵǲɣ¶һֿϧɫҲǣ֪СֵܷøңģСֵԺʲôҪľңܰϵһ

ЦһҪѵֵĺöóôûʣ˸Ҫȥæ˵涼

Բס翴ȥһǸΣ˭Ϸˣҵͬϲǣֻұ˰ɡ

Цݽ˽û뵽Լֺˣôʶ̧ٵˡ
ƤЦⲻЦŶǲ뽻ˣ

΢΢ü಻󵽣

û뵽˲죬תͷȥͿ˱绤Ůһʱ䲻ס˺̰

ü΢ƶһ£櫵ʵʵ

عڲסתǻֵͬˣλС˵ǣȷʵ󵽡£Ů˵ǡࡱѵࣿôܡЦԼɣ˰ɡ

ӲãǾ͹ˡȵóȥһ֪λСʲô֣ǽѣԺҲһȥӡ
ܳΪеСӣȻʵסû˻ܾѡ

ûҪҲӡĮӹתߣȥˡ

Ҳ˵ĩǰڣܷ֮ŵˣҪ⣬Է
ôֱӾܾԷ£ҲûϡѾˣ˵һͺխҿ϶ܾʱ򣬾Ѿ˶Էļǳ𱾡
ؼǣ櫵ĿʮֲϲʱûŪΪʲô򵥹Ϊ൱ʦʦðˣͽܿ϶
ԺҪСˣһ׷ŹԼˡ
Ȼֻʵսļ൱⻹櫽ĸʵս֪ʶɡ

櫸ٵʩһ۷ͻֱӻ˷䡣

翴櫰ǰϣ˫ϣı۽⣬ʵر˱ۡ

۵ĻȻûпð˿˿Ƶĺ̡

ձϾжһֱӵ˵
ǻ͹ԹԲˡ

˵ˡʱۣ̾ǷɸɾʲôҲûС

ôˣ粻櫸ոʲôû

櫵һĬϸܵϤĺڰϢǺпܺͺڰӪͽйأ漰һoˣʺϸ߻硣

״ðˣ˵Ͳ˵ˡЩգû¶ô

櫲⣺Ҹո治ɾϢڿʹˡΪֲոյĳĬְܳһ鲼̵Ľ
ʶ󶨡Լࡣ

йһξ飬θպͽʶϵϵͻΪһ׹Ȼͳһ̻ơ

ǿٻ櫵ص

лл簮ϧظĵļ̻ƣ

֮͡ƿĿ⣬Ϣ

ɡ뵽ɫ˵ƷȻУʵȷʵǿи

á֮ǰĶˣǽġ櫵
ѧڷܵĺӶǺúӡο롣

*
̯صס˿㼰ʱǸȥˣ

뵽ĳɵһ񺮺ͺ¡

ǸŮһ߱ϷĺڹѪ⣬һ߲ĵسԺȣҡҡ˭Ⱦҡ

̯ԶĹľ۾һգգضţļƤϾߣϾǱסһ޷

ڣڹȫŮˣָֻԭƯӡ˵ϵѪǿոշ¼

̯ڻָ֪ߣͲʹǰ

ڤڤƺе߶ȥҸˡ

̯ڼȺдǻص˻ءһͼĶûãհ̯

ϣǶԵùû¡
̯롣ϾǶŮôÿôȥЩϧ





7.     ж񱨡

ûʲôӰ죬֮󣬻ͽһЩ񡣱ϾڻضһʳҪֵģֻͨȡ׽á
ǳէȻ̸ʲôףҪڻغúȥֻͨ

ӵĶмЩǸмߵģ绹ǽˣһѾмߵʵΪΣܴ֮ٽʵɳ
򼸴֮󣬻ɹͻƵڡʱͻһ¡

оԼ˺ڵżΪ˸õؼԼ󵨵ؽһ弶ǰӵĶļ⻹ǵһν弶ġ

ųĵ翴ҪɫЩءļħǺѶԸѾڳĳѨһ㶼ڼΪ֮ǳҡΪ̣ҪǱײ͵ģһͶԷƴơ
дܵĲص㣬ʡ˺ܶ¡

ã֮ǰոһ֧Сӽ񡣡ԱűʥСӣǻеСأ˴ˣܺǿӡ˵ӳѾǸļڵˡ

еСӣɫ䣬ⲻǷСӣԩ·խ˵Լ񣬾Աݸһӡ

ǼǺˣ֮ͨܽˡ

ľѳֻۣűˡҪǷģֱͶԷȥ

*
ɣǻǳ˶ѡαЦ

ܵص˵ͷ

ɫһƣ

翪һں档ĸȥҲûйsǣsЩ귢չֺãܶط̫ϵˣɴֱӸڷСӺ档

վ˶ӣҵĿ궼ͬġ

Ǹûģע⡣䲻ڡ̽ģǸĵĶʵ̫벻ע⵽ѡ

ЦЦ֪Ȼ˾ģܱ櫹ĻĶеá

櫿˻룬λ֮ӺǸϵֱˡ
渴ӡ

*
ܿ͵˵һĿĵء

ͷж˵һ䣬ͻɢѰҳ񳲵ټ
ֲֻҵӦô

֪ʲôȻͬһСӣɺĽҲǲͬģ϶˶࣬һҵᣬ̽

ǣ˭ҵһء

˷ֿж櫴ɽĶ߽ȥСӴɽ߽ȥ

շֿߣ櫾˸ǡϢĵߡ

ɫһݣֿ߻ģȻҪ˸ȻͲҪˡ
۳һɫ΢⣬һ£׹Ϣ˸ٵϡ

ٵֻûһǰͳһȻޣŵôҲûȥŻˣֻһ·ȻͻŲ·ˡ

ź洫ľʧĺ޶ԡһͼ۷ѣͳܲסôˣҲɹǿ

ĬԱߣ޹֮˵⡣ˣˡ

һȻûзֳټ

櫹һʣµδ̽ΧûԳܵˣʶſҽķ̽ʣµ򡣡

˵ͷۣʶӿܿ͸ʣµָоÿһƿ۾ĳΪ˷飬оˣϧھޣ޷ʱ䡢Χ̽ϸϸÿһطûҵټֻη

ûСȥһطɡεɫãڻ磬ûе硣

š櫿̽⡣

˳ɽַ֣СҲǡóˡ

ǣһĨɲ˶ˣɵأ
ôô磿ˣǣɵʵ
ֱɵֻػصشûʲôѰƶϡȷʵô̽ꡣҪ֪Сӿа˸ˣʹһҲ߸Զ櫡
߸û̽꣬Ȼܺһ

ԡԼ࣬ú¹޶ϻ

ɨӣɫɱǴӣ

ط¸絭ΪţȽȥԼŽȥ
ӻߣ

ߣӣµԼ˿ܱˣ׶༪٣ûٵȣҲ˳ǰһĿĵء


һĿĵˡŴҪҲûУǾֻԼ̽ˡ

櫷ų̽һ£˵ףûٶ˵ʲôλ֮Լѡĥò֡

*
ϴҷֳˣһݸ˵˵ܺ̽ΧйأԵһ

ϲ

Ƕݸָָбǰ

·˻˻֣˶ϣ

ǡ

һ͵͵Ѩȥ

Ŀĵأ˷ֻֻڳѨ
ĳѨȴа˸֮࣬˵ĳʮֻ

սپһҧǰߵĳ񵰣һѡ

һ˳ó񲻱Ѹٳ֣˶󣬺ֻܿˡ

õ񵰣ͱԱˡ

ϴ󣡡һݸɫҰףҸոա̽⵽ʮֻټ

ʲôɫ˲ͱˡҪֻڣǻƴһƴʮֻϾͺ޻֮ˡ

ˣǷˣݸɫͻȻ䣬ӣ

ҧȻʣµڶ񵰣СҪǺһӡ

ûܼͻȻ˻櫡
˵ϲúÿװγѨҪ˷ɢħעлõʣµĳˣܽˡȻû˯ǣǺÿ˶ô࣬ǿˣ˶Ҫж٣
С̴ž죬ͺһȥ߾ǻڵĵط

ˣΪʲôȫطһѷӿ˹ȥ

ߡҾõʣµĳˡ롣

*
绹ܱ̽ߣ䲻ͻȻ˵
˺ʮֻˣԶһʬ塣

ʮֻǻ磬ҲɵóһǶû뵽һϲȺӵĳ
һ˼ͨ˹ؼǷģԼռô

ôõ£һȻǸ޻أ

׼֣ԥһ£櫿Լĺһ᲻ϲĿһۣȴֻп˹ʱѸʮɫţӡǣžƮ˲ͬط

ӡǣһģ

ףλ֮ӣѧľǿ죬Ȼֻһͨļ󷨣Ѿ֤츳

󷨻΢΢ۣ˱ж񱨡

߰ɡɣ粻˼سЦЦ

šӦ뿪

һʱ룬Ʋĳ񵰷Χ󣬾ͷųʶܿҵʣµ񵰡
񻤵ԲŻһѷ׷

ڵĳѨһֻûˣ÷ȥȡ





8.  ·   õġ

ķᣬõ˶ʮ񵰣Զš

ɣȥɡ糯¶һõЦ

Ӧˡ

˻ȥ;У·һ̳

ͻ룬ѳͣ櫵һ£ϻ

櫲֪ҪʲôɻشӦˡ

ڽ̳֮ǰʶ̽һ飬ȷûбϢֱ֮ܵ¥ӡУ¥ƷŮװĵط

ʶҲмˣһֱǳǼɫۣһֱÿȹӣȴûлᡣ̳еӡ󣬼ǵƷŮװ ĸļﶼС
һʱ嶯֮£ˡ

ĩ˵ԭЩݻȹΪ߲㣬Ϊ׸ûбߣõ

櫵ģ²Ĵ³֮߱ռܿͶһŮʿװ

̳󣬻ûٵ飬ֱص˳ϡ

櫿˵ӣûʡ
ӳˣҲԼСˡ롣

ĺӡ櫵뷨һ֪

*
ص֮󣬹ԱԻ罻Ŀ껹ЩԾӦʥСӶӳŶԡԱǸ˾ʼ¶Щȣһֱѿصúܺã̬Ҳܺã˸о崺硣

նСλߡԱЦͱ

Ǻʶɫûʡĵ롣ֻϽص·櫡

Щ⣬Ϊʲôλ֮ô˷ܣһ弶ѣ𣿹Ů˼

һص䣬ͽڻ·˷䡣Ȼ櫶Ϊʲô·Щ⣬ûʡ

һó˽Ůʿװ

϶ʱһСɽ

ٿħÿ·øɸɾϸؽǵãóϸװ
֮󣬻Լ·ż˷š

ơ

ڴһ䵭

䣬ͶɻĿ⡣

ţһ⼸£һֱۣܻ壬ȥһЩɫΣÿ컻Ŵڴؿ

ʵһֱ·ֻΪϰˣϾѾǧˡ
ô̵һƬТġ
櫵˵ͷ֪ˡԥ£ڽӵ֮˵ʲô
лл˵

糺һƬնˣô࣬Ӧõġ
ʲôҪģԸңֻҪǡֱ櫵۾

š櫱纱̬Ūе㲻ӦӦˡ

ˣϢˡʮֶʲôʿɶֹܿ͵˱ǰ˷š

ڴһվΪ˴ӡ

ϵǣʮϸĵذÿȹЬεĴ䶼ˣÿСװһף櫷ġ

⻹ǵһô·ôϸĵض

櫿Щɫӡ

о࡭ñƽʱҪ졣

*
ĵҺĨڶ·ϣгȻŭѵʱ򣬲ϧԷһۣڴӳ׷˳

ˣֻǿϱֹѪٴαӡ
磬ҾŹ㣡Ť䣬ҧгݵ룬˳ر

ͻȻǰһϮۡ
彩ס̧ͷϿȴֻһʵʵڵˡ
֪ΪʲôܾöԷһɲϢ

Ĭ˸׼ӣıܸԼҪǰ˳Ϲϵ

겻ɢֳǰ
ƤһͷȻԤС

ΪûеλΪʲôŴסңʧѪ÷ͷʼΣ͵ҧһ⣬Ŭάѡ

סڿˣ˻ƵӺ´

ͷ͵һӾ⧲ʧȥʶ

Ϣ૵

*
ա

ͻˡ櫿Ż磬ص˵ͷȻ糬ʹ󣬵Ҳ̼ƿҡҡ׹żͻƣˮɵصڡ

ٶȥܿȫɳˣҲҪָУָֻʵԶԶ

ʱǾ޵ؿ櫡
촩͵ȹһϮСȵİɫȹȹڴнɫ̫壬ЩԲ¶Ĳǡɫųȹáɫİ߸ЬסСɾµĽף͸ףӹˡ

¡
ûκ⣬ȴȲĹˡ

ע⵽Ŀ⣬ЩɻؿԼһۣĲô
˽֪ʶЩ·ôİ

նÿĿ峺Щù뷨ѹĵףǰκʱ򶼺ÿ
ÿϽɳõĶ

л佱櫺ٱ䣬ͻȻоܾϲһڣЦŵл

类櫵Цۡ
ЦһЦ͸˵Ŀ⡣

һֻֻ̣Լһĺãܿ

ơͻ˻˼

ѹͷ뷨ȥţ˾½

½ӭڸɾɳ¡
½һ۾Ϳ櫣ӹһĨޣܿʧ簲նС㡣

䵭ס

櫴к½Ի磺磬˵ʥСӳȥһЩΣաģеݹСƿ˵Ľҩ˵ҩúãǧҪҿ

ʢȴ绹ˡ

үүǰʱ岻̫ãû취㣬¡½ǸΣڲѾȶˣүү㡣磬п𣿡

С
飬ʮ־½Ͻȥݷã½ΪѪҲȥ½Ҽ

ǲھ߰ɡ½ȥߣǸ˴æʵǡ
͵͵̾˿үүĲһֱڷʱ伫١ҲŲ뵢ʱ䣬Ǽ¡

½үүĲ黹ûȶ𣿡½ϽĲҲš˵ôҽרҾκ½ϽĲѾȶˣôͻȻָأ
ѵΪĩ𣿻ﲻԣȴָоǰһ֪ࡣ

ǰ½ǿˣȻпգھ߰ɡ

šһš

ˣô֪ˣʵûˣ½ǶŲһ

ҽϿӻȱһֱۣء˵ͬһ񣬾Ҳˡ½ЦЦⲻһүүҾ͸Ͻˡ

һˣôܣôİΧ֮£ӦñɲŶԡ

˵ʱ򻹴һˣ˵˵ֵܣأˡ½״ز

Ȼֻദ˶̶һ죬ȴѾ˷Ը˾Ե޹ʷģ˵ܻǺйء
֮ȥ̽̽ʵϾ˵ѾˣǱΣշӲȥܲǻ·

櫲źۼؿ½һۣĵô˵ʵʵ˵һһ롣ȻоƺԻûж⣬Ҳûио⡣

̫ìˣԼҵĺӻٺӴΪá
롣





9.  ڰͽ   缦

½ţ˳ͨ裬ܿ͵½ϽĲǰ

Ǹ鷳նСһȡ½òص

ҲϾ櫺½Ͻȫʶͬˡֻ½ͻ˽˲

½Ͻźȥ˳˯

治ɣүү˯ˡ½磬ȥʮֲ˼үүҩаãҪ˯ߣ¡

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Ѿʮ˽櫵ĸ΢飬״ڣ½үү˯ˡ

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룺ˣѾˣȥæİɣùˡ

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߰ɣȥ֪뷨ûоܾλ֮ݱǿǴ£뵱ָ֮Ů񣬶ԷԸ⣬ԻԼ˾սûҪôǿ

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ֻ֪Էܽ

Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬һռ䣬ռʱ粻ͬһСʱռһ졣

羪̾ؿΧ׵Ŀռ䣬һĴ

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ʱռﴫ춯櫰̻ȥĳ嶯Ƚռ䣬ȻͿͻƵļĻ硣

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绹ûӦѾص˻ء

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ĽŲһת¶һ˫ڵ۾˫۾鵽۰ףѾȫ˺ɫ

һʱ֮䲻̫ܰǰ˷˵Ķ֮ǰǸ緢Ǳϵ

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ȥµĽչ½ɫ䵭ȴһ˿ȡ

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櫵Ķ徻ˡ

ɫܲµģ櫵Ĺȥйأȴϸ

ΪʲôΪڵ̫ô
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10.  ܺڰ   ٴΰ缦

櫲֪Դʲôҩһʱʵս顣ôƴҲã룬½g뺯ʱͬ˶Է롣
sǸڵgǵgطһħռԴḻĵطΪۼħǳ࣬ƾǵʹǿҲʧأsһ֡
Ȼ½һȥ櫶ԼʵоšڻԱߣû˵

ȥ͸͸ʵȻҪҲҪи̡櫵ĸ۹ڷѧϰѧӵĸо

õġ櫵Ҫ󣬻ܾ

ظһ֧ʮ˵Сӣs½ӣgǱ弶ӡ
ܶӵָȨ˭Ҳ˭ָֻܸӸԶ顣

һ˺ܿħ߸ӪԷһӪħжʮ·ҹСҹԱϢӳĸӳǾһּƻȻʵףϾŸյsû೤ʱ䣬лȨ
櫣Դsأûǰչֹʵ¼˶ΪǿɫŻġ
ҽģһһأԽԽ٣ֱѾޡ
һҹ󣬶ڶͿħߡ

ռƻʮСӷֳÿʮ˵СӣһʮСӣĸСӽȥ̽̽ħرźŵ

櫺ͻͱֽĸС

ҿ𣿡ԥһʵ֪Ϊʲô˳УֲУܸоᷢʲôָоûаȫУʱʱ̿עֹɢ

櫲ؿһۣԭλ֮ӻẦ˫֣󷽵ɡ

ܸоԼ˼û֤ݣס櫵֡
Сɡסϸ塣ǻĵһо

ûгʱ״̬ôסԷ֡ôʱ櫶ŮһоֻҪ˱˼Ƕ¡

ɲʲôʵˣƫҪŮһͬһվ̳֮ϡ

Ա˿ȥˣҲҪһСİСˡ

ؿһۣƤЦⲻЦܺԼ

ɫһ䣬Ҫͱͬסˣͬҡҡͷʮּɵ
㬵غһû˵

ϴεϢԺͻȻ櫵ϴΡ̾뵽˷ԷǸ˲˹Ӹӡ

ʵ

ϷʮﴦԼ࣬Ҫȥ̽һ¡

Һһ𣡡͵һҲʹ

櫳Ĭһ룬Ӧˣá
ȻȥʲôҲûͬ˸ͻȻͲˡ

߰ɡ櫵

ʱеһתûüǰ˸Ķȥˣ͵һɭصĵط

һĶѨѨϹͷͶͷǣʲôа.̻ءϰ͹ƽСˮݣ̧ͷһѨһֱڵˮ̦޺鲼ڶѨĸ䣬ȥס
ͷһֶۣڼխֻݵһͨһװģƵܹΪڼխ͸Ĺ⼫٣ԶѨڲʮİһۿȥûˣֺÿӰ깴ˡ

طҲ̫ʺĹƬˣ롣

ԭվһ룬ָ͸۽⣬ͬʱöɤҲڻԺ𣺡ۡ

̱ۡ

ˡ

һֵͻȻһӰ
ϻûʧĽ⣬翴˵˵Ĵ硪һ׺С

˵ʱ򻹴һˣ˵˵ֵܣأˡƺ½ڼ˻ᴩۣɺϣܲû롣

櫣˼سۡ
ˣҹɫĸȥ

ǰûԼǸäȻĸϣҾѧģǰ˵ȴû˵
ǵûйҵķġ

櫼˼䣬˸տʼ𼸾䣬ȫˡָůƹâǺԲһӴ˱ҴУϢҲ˥

뵽ʲôһͻȻ֣ͣļ䱻Ҳ̽⵽ͷħɣˡȥɱ
ڰȻֻ൱ĩ߼ߵʵҲǸнˡȻˣҲл֮

뵽úڰٸ֣ǿǵʱڷܣûʲôʵսʵΣʵսܼ󼤷Ǳܡ
ѾļˣҲһѻˡ

õġĳϣٻǰѱ櫶μӹľԴͻļ櫾һЩûĲ϶ѽ˶μӹμӹľһʼâ¶Ƿ¶ֻڽʱй¶â

ǿ櫵˼ͺһݵָצ״͵۳
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ǽϡϣһЩӰЩӰͣҲͣ͵͵˻ţ

ֱӽҶ̣Ӱ߱޷ҪħˣлӰԶɢ֪ʶ͡

ηߺ޵ؿһۣȻŻĹƣһֱڽ̡

櫵ĳϺ˱˲ֺܼܾãӮʤ

缶սļ󣬵նɱ˺ˣ죬ϥڵϣȫڵϵľŲڵڵϡħ͸֧ˡ

櫿ܰȻʱˣóƿͬɫҩݸºͣˡ

ѹڽϣȭôˣֽӹҩҧƿһ
˳ʪĺڷʣ͹ĺᣬ£Իȡ
ʪ͸Tĺһ࣬ԣԼܿԺģ

櫿ҩ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩڣƿĿ⡣

ӹƿӣΪ塣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ֱʱӣɾˬ

ħҩ֮ڻָЩȻȫʤ״̬ȴҲԱ
֮ǰϥڵϸоǺԣվ֮ŷֵ΢΢ζ

ɫ΢䣺ǡ

ɽħӦöڰͽɺڰˡźε֮ǰ˿״̬

ȻˣǾͳȥɣȰЩڰҲΪԻ㹻λǱʲôԭʶ˵ˡڰͽڰĴʣûвССԴ©

ȴע⵽ˣĵһЩ²һ֤ʵ
ϱ鲻䣬ȴ

ûע⵽΢仯ɴɽΧûˣٻ˴Χֱ꣬Щڰħȥ

ķ򶯵ѣȰȣΪʲôȾôˣס֣

櫲ͷػصk᲻ôʱЩڰģûԼ

ȻǱβһੲݣλ֮ӿ˲ÿĶꡭ

櫱kͷۣĮٶ໰Ͱԭίλ֮ӡرá

ٴΰ缦Щ漰ͷ飬˲ʺ֪Ӱkλ֮ͱС

羪̾ؿ꣬ٴʶԼ櫵Ĳ࣬ȥͱչء

ͻƲص֡





11.  ӵ   ûк˭ܹ

ڰµ̯ӣ櫾׼ȥˣȴһס

ովħ﷢ǲӦ·Ҳɸɾ̫ױΪǵħﶯˡľַش֮ô˫۾ǵ͵ȽϺá

׼Ĩαۼ櫵

ǿ

˲þαۼĨ˼ӡ˴˱ٶtop1ոĨԼģ˾ͳǰ

ϣȻˡ
½һڷꡣ

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סħﱻֵĽɫˡ

½סһ֣֪Щɫʲô

̷ϣֻ֪Ǹոʱġ

Ŷԭ½ȥȻ򣬡ɫǰǴæ

пظͣǰҪûɫ㣬ɵֶҪ

Ļ֡عĬ

п꣬Ŀ⼯еϣжЩ̽ɫǴЩħİΧͻΧϻٶ˲ʣλСϾȻʲôҲûУǺְ

櫣š


½󣺡
ڷ꣺

Ц

û뵽ڻֲɫǫˣʵʵڵ˸ӡ

һе½ηûгԲֻζؿ櫣ζȻ

һذ櫵ƽ͵λȳȥɡħѾΪ壬Ҳʧˡ

˶飬˱뿪ط

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֪˲̫̰ģ½ô˵ˣҲû취̵ôˣһڴӦ½ӳ˵ʲô֮ľԵǿ֮᲻ӦСС󡣡

½ЦֶӳȻǸˡ

Цֲһ²̫ףһһŮsص½ӳαҺ׽ˣ

½ȴ֪ĴԼĺĺЦȴ䣬º͵ؼ£˵ֶӳ¡

ûʵʲôҲ٣ֻǿϧһɫĴˣܿҪ棬Щġ½ɲǱϱֳǸǫǫӣɲԵ޹ʻ׽ĳˡ
һ˼ҲԶˡ
뵽ӼᶨҪ½ԶһЩľġ

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櫿ϥŵĻ磬ԥһ£ָ⣬һνɫѪιСڼָ֮ȣһ
Ȼƾڵʵ϶޷գ櫸Ѫʩ˲ӡŻʵߣһȫա

ѪļӳɣصʱʵС̨ףֱӴﵽļ۷塣

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˽̣˽̣˽̣Сӳÿ˰ԴϽ֮õԼӦǷݵģô˵Ҳ֪û˽̡ĩʧȥЧûʲôǿԼסˡ
ֻ˵һ˵ѡ

ȺϡϡӦ󲿷˶һģ

Сӳû⣬һ־ôɢˣȴ˵Ǳԣǣһߡ֪Ϊʲô˴ȥɽأ뵽ֶӳŵı꣬Сӳһ󼤶
ֻҪ˴ȥɽЩöˣ

Ȼ櫺ͻ硣

װһȵӵõĺõġ

Сӳϲ֮УûֲԾ̵·ȥˡ

Ȱ˴װ۵ӵӴ˲ɾĶǵһ£ҷ֮ϻǧܣɫؾһ飬СӳŽŵ׿

Цһվԭû

ܿ죬ΧͳħӰһţͷļħͻǰƣֲڱɱĳ̶ȡ

ڡЦһ̶ֳͲ˶䡣

Զ½İϲʼûԼġֵܡôãŮʿȥҲֻܲҪܻ׽ˣɿܣʹûܺˣ
ʱʵʵ顣½뵽δЦ

ͻȻǰһԼȻͷļħİΧ֮С

ô£½ĿѣֻǸߣûɡƫƫΪ˲ɣ˶֧ˣЩħﲻΪ׼ΪʲôӦԼϣ

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⼸ҲֻһöѣǵͼλֱֻһٹķΧڡ

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кܶ˼ֺõķҶ㡣櫵

ЦŹ˹֣ǾͶлʦˡ˵Ƥգۡ

һ㶣оֿʼˣϿѹѹ

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ûϵֻҪԼһܴˡĵ

׼뿪ͿӰڵһֱ

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磡磡ң½ʧȥķȣ󺰴С
ħﳯΧʱʶѡԼոմطķͻΧû뵽ȴ˻ˡ
ɺϻı˿̶Ҫ˵

뿪뵽˲ŵĲ½үү
½ж໵Ͼ½Ψһĺˡ½ֻʣ½үү½ˡ

ˣΪ½үүһľˡ

⣬Ѹٻв˿һͷħ

½׼˵ЩлĻǰ⻹ڵѪɤĮұһΪ½үүġͲˡ

˵ƾ͸ס½ǣħӿ

籾׼½óɵʧȥܣȴ⿴ļ䡣
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ҲϣҲ½ҵ
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ûų⣬Ȼ͡ˡԷļ䡣
һЩٶֱܸڰͽһԡ

ն๼ûɱˡίڶ뱻Ϊɱ˿ħЩ㶼ˣǸϿSذɡ

櫱סԼŪԴκδ˭ܹΪӦȴֲƿ⻰Ժá





12.  س   С

sصʵҡ

˭ɫŵؿǰĺˣ֪ԷϢġؼǣһֱû!

㲻ùܡ˻ƵӺ´

κ󱳵ǽۿ·ָ͵ذԼ⡣
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£Ҹʵ½½ش򿪣һһ˷ħħε˳

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˽Ҳ׼İ֮ת׼뿪Щֻʣܵħʱֶס˽Ų

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һ㡣һžٷСĵط½ϽԱû뵽Сүᡭ
û뵽Сų½ȻˣΪȨֱӸԼүүҩԷ

ȡȿȣ½Ͻ뿪˵͵ؿ

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½ϽòƽϢһ仰ǣôˣ

˿ЦһܵסҪħﻹˣؿҲֲ˶ˡ

ؾӢ֮ڶ죬ؾӭʷǰħﳱڴ󲿷־Ӣȥgǣ»ڵʮΣա
ʹ֧ţҲ޷ŶˣϾҲ޵ġǳ롣

һ֧СȥɣʵǲԸһ½Ͻɥħﳱ

ҡȡȿȣعˣ½Ͻϣ̴档

ȥȥҵľװҪһ˵У½ϽŬѹֿԣ˵

ۿ΢죬ȴûΥ½ϽѾװϸϸظá

½ϽԼԴãҩԻûȫɢ·ѣ۴¡

߰ɡ½ϽϸذѾ´ã˵

ǡʰ½ϽţŻشŶȥ

½ϽˣȺ˷½Ͻ󺰣λ֮˵ľ

ҿȡҶ÷ǳãͣͦסʤǰ½Ͻֻһҿԡ

أ½ϽڼǵѪ֮赲糱ˮӿħܷĸɫâ֯档

ֻʣһˡþûˣڵľƻûеΣʱ̣ܶá֪½Ͻʲôֺγ붯ĲһҪڵϡ

½ϽŭͿ󣡡һĸЩʧЩȺڵģ㱾ĩˣ
ϵĴ͵һ½Ͻɸֵصȥ

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ħﳱǿĸ߿Ƽһξ룬⼫عǵʿ

Сǣǿɲʲôӣһ͵ߴһ¶һ׳ļ⣬һȭַһģħ

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ͻȻغ󷽴˾ʧĽ

찡ʲô
ôħ쵽ˣ
⡭ħ￴ôôˣ
Сꣿ㲻ʧôˣ



ħĺĲҽڶ

½ϽɫһͶغ󷽡

һι״Ӱ͸ĳ֡
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ħħ

½Ͻһ˲뵽½󡣵Ϊֻص˿ʧƺйϵԸӣ˳²飬½¶ĿҩֱӶȨ

ڿЩʧٵ˶ȥʵˡ
ˣ½ϽؿڲµĩʵҲǵµߣŹҵĹŹҵٺ»ȴô޲Ļ˶ԲңԲ½ҵڰ

½Ͻģ½ŻһԶŻٲΪ䡣

Щħ˾˵Ĵ߻ֻʣɱ¾ܣ˱õ˿ζʳһȥ
룬ؾ⻼ľ档

ħƺǸоʲôٶȱƽƸңڻֱشš

ӦԽ֪Щħ˱ʲôʵ飬źմϵѪⶼᱻʴǻûʱ˿ڡֹѪôȥǱȻ

ǻܵӶӳһ߳Ӧħ﹥һߴ󺰵

á½Ͻ˱ۣ͸һɾȻǲñˣȥЩӣǲǹҺϣͷѾ޷ΪҺˡ
Ѿûˡ磬˵ġ

ȰؿŻӶӳû͹ȥɣС¡Ϊҷˡ

¶ӳһҪһߣ

½Ͻҡҡͷرӣ½ռһΡҪΪ޹ȥڸ𡣡

¶ӳ֪½Ͻ˵Ļʲô˼ûп

վ¥¥ЩħǿһֱͷϷ˹ȥ

ѪٶѪ׼Ҫˡ´һ˻Ц

ĿƵӲ㱣½Ͻһڹ⣬ʱħ˾񷢿һηȦһȱڡ

𣡡ħˮ嵽½ϽǰſѪڡ

ۿǺ˵Ҫ䵽ϣȻ½Ͻ̾۾
͵Ϊ½ˡ

֮еʹȴþûе½ϽɻۣŷԼǰħѾһڷնɱ

ͷسһЦ½үүǻ磬ʣµľͽҰɡ

櫴͵ʱֻѾ⽻ľأ櫷кڰͽϢ·ȥڰͽ˳ЩڰϢȾħħˣʣµĽ

ͬˣ˸շֿͿ˼ħ˹½ϽǰնɱħˡȻʮֲ½Ϊ½Ͻʮ־صġ

½ϽɴۣսФƵӣ·ֻص˵ս¡

ϻϻиӰ½ϽЩĽ롣

櫳ֵһ˲䣬ڰٻëէҲͳһֽ׼յ櫾ߡ

ڰһС߰ˡ櫺ЦһƻӶ䣬ȫֹ

ڰٺ۱ʥȫջ٣¶һžŤס

˫ӿ棬һкڰϢﶼ˸ɾҶʣȻһ£ķָһټ䣬ΪħԼߵģŰʱ

ôֹһڸôڶľûꡭ

üٴδϵk᲻֣ôԲȥ£᲻ƻԼ
߶߶вһͨ

ȻԹԱˡ

ôͳӲءĵ

һĹ򣬷ħħѾȫʧˣҲ˱仯ǿӵļȴģģ粻źۼؿһۣٴΪԷʵеľ

ֶ֮۸ļ˲ɱͨӵ
ٴζ櫵ʵݲ˻ɡ





13.  »   Ӷ䶼ˡ

ħﳱȹ֮󣬻½Ͻֽһ̸Ϊʲôǰһʴûж˵˵Ķ˵ˡ

Եȥ㲻ڣΪ˰½ϽȻοؿĻ磬ҵúãʵҲǿϻӣҲȪ֪ˡǸϡ
ε̸Ĭûᵽ½

½үүˡЦЦ⣬ʵеġ
չֶ½ΨһǰĳĴطʺٴȥˡ

Ϊʲô½ϽеʵΪ𣿡
ĩǰ϶кӶȥǺ£ĩˣΣգȻչ¶ʵǿ󣬵ǲ̫ġ

ȥĥԼѡһйоصɡ

ϾͶԷûѪԵϵϵȽԶ½ϽҲǿֻȻѾȥɡʲôҪĶֻܴߡҵȥ⿴

֪ʲô½Ͻģûֻܾŵʱʲôֱߡ
ӻһֽϵص½үүֽҵľ˽˵鷳˺ջҶܸо
ܸоǰĳĴԼʮ𣬾Ҳûоģֱ櫡ʵ̫ˣúϧ

½ϽûоܾһƬģȻ˽ﲻûܼʱϵͷϲûбֳãĺ⣬үүˡдȥ

һ˼ܻᱱϡȥ׶

ãá½Ͻƺ£ɫݣ·һҪעⰲȫв˳ĵĵطӭsԶļҡ

õģлл½үү֣شӦ

һ͸ˣǰ½ϽȻȥ⣬Ӧȴȥ·ϸʩһ۷ΪԼˣ˷ʰȻҲûʲôʰҪĶڿռ䡣
ϴεħﳱѾķ˻صĴҩҪٴһЩһħﳱ٣ؾͲһܳŹȥˡ
ʲô

ߵǰһ죬ʮ˹

һߣΪʲôϲɫȴ죬ЩһʶΪʲô

ˣس˰ǡһຩͷǶһģͬ˼ʮǴˣǰǵľˣһߣȥ
»粻ͬ⣬ֵģǻʣʮˣʮܵģϺȵģ

΢75%ӵʣӲ򵥰
ǲӦһ·櫾͹ˣѵôܾһߵ櫾͵ɡ

˴ϲӦϺϡ˴ˣţ׳סڿشŵǸСƽ棬ҪˣȥǶ֪ͨһ°ˣ

磺

櫵賿ճʱڴſڼϡţ׳һ˿ȥûмʱߣֻ˵˸ʱ䡣
Ƴ磬оԷƺǺܿĵӣЩɻ·ֻһŻоµһЩͬˡ㣬ôȥ̫ˣ

ıƣţ׳һˣ̿ʵնΪʲôͬЩ˺һߣ

ĵȻΪ㰡ǹ˼̵ӣίص˶󡣡

һ˶󣬺նһܶӡĻЩ١㲻ôҪұˡ

ûзֻ𣬾ͳڣǾˡֻڻһЩֵĺڰϢϧʵδȫָǿв̽ƣֻҰסһ򾡵ԸȥĵطýĻֵ߶Ͳˡ
ڰǴƼĸħǴײôôĺڰͽһݣ
櫾ʲô󲡡

磺ˡȻϻǲعԹԻػˣ½үүʹˣ˵϶Ҫһ̣ͷˡ

ĵǸԺӣô

ĹԺӡȻ櫵뷨һ֪

*
үˡվڴߣص賿ߵġ

½Ͻ˼΢΢̾˿⺢ӡ
ôµĺӣӢú͹ôôġ


Ͻ̾˿

*
ˣҪȥĶţ׳һ˷ܵʵ

ε˵˲úҶˣֱӺ־ͺáţ׳Ѿ꣬ʵϾȻʮ⡣

ϰˣٺ٣´һġţ׳˼ԴЦʵ

ò˵˶թ֮󣬺ʵ޻ദֱǸģڶЩƻ櫶Ҳûôˡ
Ⱥӵþöûܹˡ

ȥ׶뿴ĩ֮׶ʲôˡ

׶ðǻûȥbءţ׳ֺǺǵص

ãȥʶЦŵڰӵĺԼ˵ķ˵̬Ҳˡ

櫿ǢദһĻԼľȷģֻһ㡭

անС濡һصĸ޵ûϰַŤ֣ĿĿİͰͣȰǴĴ廨ÿˣ

櫲̫ϰ飬ɰͰ͵ллЩ̫飬емܲס

˻˵ʲô˻kЪˣɫѾˣǾǰıЪһ

ţ׳˷ܵⱲӻûסϡҪ߿㡣

ˣҲƼһۣɶǽסˡ

ʧЦ⿴櫵ĴƺҲһ£ȻȲ󣬵ȷʵЦһ¡Ŀ˲ϡ

櫲עӣŤͷʵôˣûﲻԡ

ЩǱƿĿ⣬˳ŰĲӵû¡

ĪؿôӶ䶼ͻȻˣҲǺȰɡ

ﰵԼûϢһ㵭ļЦ
ҪǺնܶЦЦͺˡĵ


櫷ԼԽԽˣ⺢ﶼЦҲ֪뵽ʲô¡

ҡҡͷûټȥ

һȫ·֮£ܿ͵˱ѡһţܿŵǴӴŽ׿ǵıΪЪϢĵط

ҹһ״ıڣڿǡ

櫵
˲侯ϲɫһԷǧ֮ģ֪Լ¶˲ʲôϾ󲿶滹в˺ӡ

ԣ˺ӡ绳ӵʱܣȻҲû취ô롣Ҳ˵ǵƷĩܲ˺ӣƷзܿɹ

ųʶϢسĿ˹ȥ
һԷûڵϢĹߵĻǶֻʮˣʮŮ

ڴڵѻ֣϶žѻ

ҶȻûһ˲令öİʮˡ
ȵһȡ

簴ɫ糣кţ׳˽˱ڶԷҪȥѼʵʱܾˣóռĴ͡

ţ׳䲻⣬ȴҲԹ

ܵʮ˺ңΪ飬ʮһ֣һһСʱСʱ𣿡

˷׷׵ϡ

õӦǺãһ顭

㵽һһʾյ

簲֮󣬾Ъˡ

ʮ˽֣͵û֡һˡͱˡ
۾΢Уĵ




14.  ·   һơˡ

ҹ

һ˳ŴϢƮ˽Ϣʱͷŵˣʣµһͬ鵹أ˲ʶ˲ԣסڱ뺰ˣͱ˴ӱΡ

Ǳʮ˻࿴һۣղطֱֿ˷ʵĵط

ôô٣һ˴Ǿ˶ŵˣ޿֣˵Ҳ

ôˣпռҲְɡһŮ˵

ϧˣΪһͷ򡣡˺ݺһڣ׼Щʶߡռ߼ϡ٣дһû뵽ⲻʮ˵Ķһʧˡ

򣿡һͳͻȻ

רѰʵ˲佩ס亹˳ż¡ôܣ.ҩ˴ǮŪֵģڴ֮ǰûʧֹ

ʮҲ˲佩ס׼תǵɤȰǱ𶯣ôվţǴ𡣲ȻԸ󼸸Ǻ˱ӣô̹ǡ

ͷ˿ĭһ˳ŶԷããǲ۲ʶ̩ɽ޶ë޶ϻͷϡʣһ֪޲޲ܷ֮뿪

ɢҪǱ֡

æһʱش𣡡

粻ÿɷɨ˼˵ıӰһۣʵʲôʱģ

˵һǰkǣһסˡⲻƳ⣬˵ѷѻҲ÷ֲˣôûж

翴СˣһԵ˶ʱӿռѷ˳顱һڵϡϴһѪĿռܱˣڿװȻװĻơ

ţ׳Ҫǻţһͬܵһ¡

ԱߣһؿŻǡ

˴֮תȥˣɫʱҰ

صתûǰһͽ䣬뵽ԼǰС׻裬һ£ȻںͦġֻҪϣͲڡ
֡

ȤؿŻС
һĺúӣͷ˶ݲġ

ʧȥ̣ˣҡСΪ̫ˣҧǸ뵱Ҳǡ쵱ھȻôһëͷСӿţɷ죬պһֻ

Сڶթ򳤴Ȼ۵׵ĺݶͲʣûе
ǰҪһġ

£ù˼ҡ櫵ͻȻԺ



¾ҪܵӦеĳͷù˼ҡڶǿù˼

綨

kʲô֮𣿡ʵһԴѷС֧ʮ˵ڴ˵̾һ֮ãȻʲôѰĵط

Цôһħһˣǣڽһ⣬Ǿȥǵڶûҵ˵ȻǼٵģģҪҲòС

Ŷ𣬡бҪ˵𣿡

ҡͷûˣˣ֪Ҷ˵ˡ

ɫ䣬˵ͷá죬Ǵ·ȥ⡣

˸պ˵ɫٴαòҰףˣô죬ôζûҵȥҲûðǾؼҶá

紽ǹһЦˣؼҵ㲻ùܣʮ˴·С

ͼҪʮȥҺʣĸţһţļڵߣž㹻ˣ

紽ǻѹһ㣬ôȥѵʲôΣգ

亹٣ʪ޷ͺ󱳣⻰˵ġĩ֮󣬴ΣôΪ˴˵ĺ󷽰ȫǰ

ζЦһ£أҲһȥ

֪ѳɶ֣ңֻô߻ʬá

ôˣȵڶҶʱ򣬸˵£ţ׳÷櫳ȥһˣȥȥͻء˲ڵʱţ׳˰ŵغá

ϣ¶ڰţϣţ׳

ʮСӲŵؿŻ磬һ˵Ŀ⡣ôֻ弶ħСӾʹԱǸŮˣ˧ҲҪϰɣа֡

ˣ˵ʱܡ²ﰵ¶ġܲΪȱС˸Ǵһӵһ˾ҲǸĶգûãŪϣֻƾСӰڲ
ˡһϵơ
ͱǰڵϻʱ˭˲ǱϹϾڱôëСôϷˣ

ѻȴʲôϾԼ

Уˣͽˡţ׳ļ

ţ׳ֱͦţģߵʱʲôʲôһҶˣ

ʧЦ˵ͷ櫴һơˡ

Ҫȥǽʲôħ֡




15.  λǡ   ĸ

ԽơǵнٶȾԽ

һ˱ǿ˴ģ쵽ʱ򣬡ơǿҪ³УӦˣʮһС

һŮ˺޺޵ؿһۺ棬оԼĹģĸ꣬Ҫǿ

··ʲôɡǸŮ˿ɫѵɡҲò𣿣ҪԱߵ˸š

ע⵽Ů˵ߣŤͷԻ㲻ΪҴɡҲȣҲɹ

Цҡҡͷ᣺͵ɹɡ

櫿ȫбߵɡ
ðȣһƬТġ

翴ˮɫͫףѩϸգĵôϸ۵Ƥһɹô죬Ҳ֪ܲҵûƷˣöעһЩ

һ˸˼𽥿˽һƬ

ۻôƣǶԸǰˡ

ˣˣǸ˵ĵطʣµСҲ֪ˣԼȥɣͷ˼ֲԸߣ߾·һ˽ʮֵܲӳԲٻȥ

ûǿǣڼԱûķϣǵܺͰǷˡЩأطڵģǻ֪ж֣ܣΣԡ

ڡ

Щˣͺ櫻˹ڲ

ƿ֮ǰʶɨһ飬ɨ赽һԼԼͼ΢
ĻǰһΣԴ󼸵ֻ֪࣬Ҵ߻ǡ

΢Сƿ˹š

ԤһڿʮֻߣϡǽϡŽ״ѪɫѾڣӦĩտʼ罦ϵģ൱һ˱תħ

櫵֣һһСʶ̽ΧĻ¶ûŹ

櫴Լס֣ое档֮ͻعˣûôoǿҲûôСĵغǻļǵһôӡ
ָоᣬ෴е㻶ϲ
ϲʳһ˲䣬£Ҳûϲ𣿸˵ǲ鰮ġ

򴽣һ£û
ֶֻѣûʲôġŬ˵Լ

ܿ죬ǰĿյؾˣվڳſǰ΢΢ۣһһһУŸϴһףŽȥ

֨ŷһ֨߹

ϵǣ滹ɾ࣬ûеĴѪҽӡ³櫵֡

櫵Ƴ˽յ֣û˵Ͷ˳档
һǿǲϢ

СʶɨһȦ淢Ǽ΢Ųŵᣬؿ
һ䷿ŽյԱϢҡ

̽ԵţûзӦ

ּӴţͬʱڣ𣿡ȷĵ׻ǲˣûеõȷн֮ǰçײŶ롣

ڴ˭ŨŨľġ

·Ҵߣûжġķ´룬Ӧࡣ

˼Ϣʱжִ򿪵յķŻشһ죬¶һ˾İ

´һˣŵɡ˵һЩÿ

櫵֣ȥ

ȥ˲ŷԱϢʮСֻŴһӣһ滹һŮ˺һСŮСŮŮ˱ڻϼ˵䣬Ӧһڡ

Ȼ˿ڽܵҽգӣأָһСŮŮҶҶ

ò»֪ʲôΣգȻ棬λǡ˿ǣһʱԼȻ޷׼ȷλնĵλ˵ʦˣ˵ĸƺʡ

櫿ۻ磬ƺΪʲôôᣬӻĸæ̣ԼΪ̵ĸӦû⡣

գ
磺

ոЦλС㡭ֲƣȥɫҲãԭǮ˼ҵүļĸ

Ļҽ㣬ϲЦ⡣

̲ԼĸףеСС˸С

һŻԭһֱնԼ裿
ȥ裬Ҫǰ¡
ҪѺն˼

ЩȵؿˣŶŶˡǵĸӻǽܣȻˣһ˵ˡյԹһĨȻûˣǱ櫺ͻ粶׽ˡ

΢΢һ˹Ȼ⣬ûֳº͵ЦƽʱʲôΪأǸոһ·һˡһֻҲû

ռװ˼ЦЦ˴СŮʱҴЩԵģǡĩ٣ǾͿЩʳ͹Դڡ

֮ǰ¶ţⷬ˵ǵšϾ˶һƼݡӪӡ

װţ¶̣ԭˡһֱŮ˻СŮеʵҶҶôһֱ¶棿

ŮͻȻעӣЩţСҶҶҶҶ

ŶԭװЦЦͻȻٻֱСŮ

׼һԼ˸֡
պɫ䣬ŭʲô

ױڴʱСŮһƿŮˣת¶һɫССϰ벿ֻģ°벿ȴ˸ģ

Ů¶׹⣬沿˫ֻΪ׳͵غɨ

⾹ȻħϵĹ




16.  cǻս   ֻҪһֱ߾ˡ

һȻµҶҶ⣬û뵽ȻֲħĽ塣

ҶҶۿ˫ֻûɵ򲻵ɴ˫Ҳûֳϸǵص˦˹ȥ

Сķ޷ʩչֻѡսپֻһĻ𵶣ܣֱֱӭеҶҶ

»ֲԣǱħҲһһմϻ㡰ڡȼԹսշɫڱˣһʼűڵľ֡

鰡ҶҶȻȻӣûб䣬Ǻģؿ޺׼˹ͱһԭء

շɫҰ֪Ӳӡɫ󣬴࣬ŮرƯ²ʵǿ󣬻Ůˣ׼ҶҶ⣬䲻һֲ˭ԼҶҶ⣬𹥻

ҲͰˣҶҶʵҲף¹˭ֻδ֪û뵽ŮҲߣ˻ǿҶҶĻԡˡ
ɫҰܡ

櫵ǵսǲҪֻ֡ħڵ˵һĶֻ֣ħһ򣬶ʵǺкôġ

ֻɤӺޣˣˣŹҶҶɣ갡һӣ

櫸ɴذҲˡ
ӣ˵ʱɿǸӡ

ҶҶյʹд̼ǣ׿񻯣ͷȫûϸСӻ浶¶

ȻӴԿԪصƿأ˫۶˻ޣͬʱѾ۳һ⵶ݺҶҶԲ

ҶҶҽУٶۿɼ

ô˻һչ

ҶҶ鴤Եڵϡ

⻭ʮӾһͷڵϣʱʱ鴤£ʮ־㤡ĸĸʱҲǰˡ

ۿս櫸ɴس˶صĽơ
ȥɣڻû

ػţǰҳֻʣһͷĹԼŮ

ԥؿһۣЩò׼˼նҪС

櫲˻Ŀ⣬ĵؿ佱ܰǰŽ̵ľѾʹˣò˵츳ѡ

Цһ£ʵնǵ𣿡

ҡҡͷԼ

翴һˣ¶⼸˲֪к˶ˣϱôѪծۡ
һֱܾϵĥк˶ˣܶپĥħ϶

ħָ˷һ

˶ʱɫ̣ˣкҪԼʵˣǣ


ɾԼϵۣ֣߰ɡ

ͷšȻ˳ӵذַ

Ʒתס櫵֣뿪˳ȥ
ûĿġ⡣

·;ûʲô⣬˳˳ս˾ʵ

صӪ֮󣬻һЩЯ˶ͨˣԷ˲ǣҲԱ֮

ʷ֮һ˾ͼ̤ǰbǵĵ·мһЩħΧˣǣȵ˵ǵĿĵ֮󣬴ǡ
ⷽѡȨȫȨ櫣
һС֣ǲɢ˴󲿷֡Ȼµ٣ĵشƣᱳѻ硣

ûһγܱѵʹࡣ

ôͣͣǺܿbӵcǡ

Ȼ˻Էһ£ԺǾͳŶ˵֧Ѿһٶʮˣ߹ģ
ڻԷһõĸߵСΪԭcǶΣڻԷһ˴ÿЪ

ϣ˷׷Ӧ͡һ·ʲôö綼û˽̣ۺϿַ֮Ҫˣڶ˶øжȺŷȲǣõ˾޴

簲ź֮󣬷Ųһ䵽˶ĩβ

նŮ񡣡ָָһֻʣĵЩпǰүүʱ򣬻Ӳҡʲô񶼲š

ɫ΢ͷ磺𣿡

㶣𣿡ſһ˲ֺܿعǰǲŵģ˶٣֣صزϺһ䣬š
ûҿܾˡ

ǵģµദڻǰܻ䣬»ʵݵĲ²ҲԽԽࡣ
ħʦΪһЩԭ磬ΪһЩ֪ԭ̵һһǿ
һǰĻ绹֪ΪʲôãһºѾִڴˡ
ΪֻҪһֱ߾ˣ̰̫࣬һˡ

ףšԥһ£û̬ȷתԭʲôܸойأҪ뿪磬֮䲻Ӧйĸ
ˡ

˼һ·ͬУһֱΪ櫽ո·ĳĳطǰôģʲô£һֱ

ֱһ㳡ħʹ˵Ļս






17.  ׶   ҡ

üһֱʶɨܱߵܿΣգ̫ķѾˡû뵽ôħ˵Ļս
Ҫǲܵ飬Ͼôˡ

ۿս޷⣬ֱӶþÿ˶ߴȫս׼

ˢˢ˵ͷܵĿʼܣûܵóһٴеӡ

첽ǰնɱ˱ħħѪҲûȥܣսħ

櫻һܣ˲Ƶ㳡ϵȪĵ񶥶ţԼʩһ֣ȿ֡
æһæս˲ܽȻҪʼ߶߶˵ƻǸķ
ҲܽɴͲˡ
ţ櫼ȣ֡

ħ￴Ŷ࣬󲿷ֵȼߣ˻ļ룬ʤƽܿбߡ

ʤˡ

ţ׳˲ͷϵĺоħƿɶϲѾܾˣҪͻ

ԷǱ߹һĸߴ׳ˣüĿüһɻɢȥԿմ˲Ѫ

߹ƾ辭飬һ۾׼ȷжϳȺ˵ͷˣ߹ȥ֣ܿСֵôƺ

ü΢΢һµ䵽Աߣһӣһ紵ܿ֡

ܿոջھͻȻðˣͱƣӣɫ˲

λСʲô˼

櫲׿Ż磬Լؽ͵.ҩֻҪӴ˾мʱ¶ƸոѾ˶

ܿһ±ϵףɫ׳λС㵹Ǻ׶˽ҴˣԲΣֱӵлСֵܸոմ˰ǣȻƾԼҲܽЩħüۼư֮ʮԡ

ţ׳ֱǿסԼƿڴĳ嶯̵ĹӣҪǰæܺúõվ˵ЩҪһ룡⻹ˣ

ɫտʱЦȴȫʧ

ܿǿ仯˵꼴ԵСֵܽȥǿԽͬС

ƤЦⲻЦصdǣҲ˳·

ܿɫһ£dֻһǿܼһߵĳУûȥǶ֮仰ΪƲǰЩ˵Ŀĵ׶bǣϾcԱ߾bǣô˲롣

촽˶ǿŶǡҲȥǶɡﰵձ֧飬ȥbҲ٣ôˣװҲõ֣Ī

Ǻɡ䵭ֲֻͬе¡

ֻܿԼԼ̨£ôԵ֧ͬаɡ

ɿԹһ˿ͣôһԴҲǴ⣬ֿ߸ãأһͲƲ磬óˣԼ˺һ

̨ܿٴαƻԲװˣСֵܲcˣҵֶû˵cǾܾҵˣ³˸ӵƣcҵĵ̣Ƿҵġ

ҿСֵܵĵȼҲͣļ˰ɣܿǿԵģҵĶ飬ԺʲôԴܸ綼һݣôЩȻŶ࣬սȴ࣬߶սٵÿܸ磬ȥbǣܸǱˣʱֱӴҴ߻أ֤Ϊ㹻˵
»绹ǲͬ⣬ּһ䣺λСôÿƾһǻסģǿ߿ɲֹһܿζ

ᵽʱֱӼף롣ؿܿɤ䣺ܾô

ܿŭҪƲԳԷƣʹ˸ɫȻ͵ٿ磬ơ

ĲоʹӲˣĻ͵Ϯ

һȻ֪櫲ҪǷָ˷ֲͶս

櫿Լķ֣͵Цһ¡

ָ˶ʩһ֡˱֣ȫõϣʱ޹˼ɣſֽţƵöڽڰˡ

սӮú

º²ҪĿ£ϵı·Ѫծ۵ֱȥ

һٶʮӵһʮˡ

·;ûʲô⣬һ˳˳ص˻Է

ú˺󣬻櫵նҸоҪͻˣΪһ¶𣿡
ֺնԳ˶Ϊ䵭һֱϲѣúնԼҲǺ޸о⣬չصĻͲܺܺõؿˣ¼Ĳۣ֮ǰţ׳ˣദʱѾһˣҲ˸飬̫ǡ

櫵ͷģǽңͻơ˵꣬ͰѻԼٳǸС磬ͬʱʹ˸۷ˡŵˡ

櫵ͷ˵Σ˵bǣ֤֮˳˳ؽ׶Ҵ߻ء

һжٺãֻȻˡ




18.  ˽ڿ쵽   ׼һ顭

ص壬Ǹѵõĺ

櫸оϢ仯һ̾ͽС磬˳

翴櫣оЩ˼նôòͻ弶ǲǺûá

櫰οûУ츳ԽߣԽǿͻԽѾΪܵԼȻҲôʵûʲôˡ
ٶѾܿˡһ꣬ʹӶͻƵ弶

õ櫵Ŀ϶ڷһЩġͻʱһ״̬ԼԼܵ˷̺֮İصͷƺעһҪ
ԶԶûʸӴ
ļܴ죬Ϊֱ櫵ʵܺͷ࣬Ȼʮֻȷʵǻĵǡ

ûгɳ֮ǰ櫻뿪ȴΪʵ޷ҵҲ

ֺ裬һУӰ飬ɽĶѣģû

ã櫵ⷬССذ
⻹Ҫøǿ

ǣϤһĻ֣ԺȲ绹Ǻ֮ǰĳʱһĥʵ

Ĳ⣬ûأλ֮ôܽȻϽǺ£Ҳúƴһɣƽ񣬲һ£Ѿȫص˶֪һħˡ

Ȱ磬ԲôƴСϴӦúúõģһתȥˣֻøš

û죬ͲˣڻúϢҪȥðաֻΣһǵҡ壬ԷһԼӡǣһʱ֪ŷĵڻָ

̫ڷˣۡ

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磬ȥ񰡣ţ׳ߣֲֵһ䡣Ȼ󣬵ʵƷ𾴣ЩѡģẰһ硱
ʵǻ뺰櫺ɩӡûֻǺն㡱

ţ׳ûҪֵô壬Ȼն㻹ûͻһ𣬵Ӱ룬ⲻһճ
֪ΪʲôٳٲжвòƷ׷һ˻򵥣Ͼ˼ҵ˽£ţ׳Ҳֻżϰʾ䣬Ķ˵ʲô

šͷûأӦһŲͣ

GȵȰҲȥӰɡţ׳ͷСŸЩ˼ֻǸļڵߣҪǻ˶ӣͽӲ˸߼ˣ

ʹƼĽҪˣӸм񣬶׬㱨꣬׼ţ׳ЦúģڵԼܿ˿ϼ
Ƽӡ

ͣ½ŲЩȵصϲǾһɣӸ򵥵弶񡣡ƽӵĶֻӸ弶ܻסţ׳ġ

ţ׳ϲл磡ƽʱһ㶼ӵżһļ񡣱Ͼʵ⣬ֻǸļڵߣһ㵽и߼ӳʵŸոнߵУʵǲҽӸѶȵĻ

̸ʲôлˡ絭Цһ£˵Ƕٺˡһһ˼ţĩٺֻŻȥûǹ⣬һʱ벻

ֱ񣬿ȥĿĵʱ
Ƕʮţ˽ֻˡ


׼һ˽

*
󣬾Ϳ뿪˻أҪȥ׼˽

ſʶһħȽ϶ĵطſʵջžˣǲ㣬طħ֮ͣȥһħۼ㡣

׶ħȽ϶࣬ѵħҲȽ϶࣬ȻҪħٵСУڻһطһطȥħ

æµһ죬Ҳֻջ˰ٿžˡ翴ԼһĳɹüЩ
Ѫ۵ԼüҪ櫿Լǽ壬һ۲ĵģԼɾ˲ſػء

ڻ绹ûʱ͸ӦԼӡǣӡǱ˽״̬ãֻҪúϢ
ſڣ뿴СʲôӡжΪƣҪúϢ֮Ů˽һĽսҲûõж

ûãͳ·ɾ࣬ͷҲңóǰԼһŸ

̾˿ΪԼ˸ڣӶôˣͷŹɡ

˾ͺúϢɡԴǵĹŮ˺ֻܾһ仰

šӦˣҪƽʱö࣬Ϊû뵽һ䡰úϢƮƮҹˡ
һͬʱЩʧ䡣

櫺ݣ˦˦ͷŬǹʧѹȥ

ⲻҪ
Ҫǻһ
ĶҪ
ĬĬԼ

ڶ磬ˣţжŵᣬ󲻳ݵ櫡
֪Ҫ˯ߣʱѾ֪ݵĶɫӵؿݵš

ôƴʲôءɢڿС

ûʰ֮ͳţռ˵ҵ

糿յҹǿҪĵĿԷһȥնɱһħ׼ˣ˸Ƨ˵ĵطڳ󣬿ʼ

ֱڶ賿βɣѾʮˡ

缱ҴҸϻػأ·żȻ·һɽֻڵħǰȥնɱ

нħԻ߶ڹµòʧԼСˡ

Ų뵽ԼȱŹؼ˵һҧ

һˣ񴦵ĹԱʮ𾪣Ĳ𣿡

Լࣺ׼Ǽǣһ¡

Աл㱵صǼ꣬Ƹףˣ

䵭صɼԡȻǵ˳ȥ

ΧΧȺ֮󱬷һ

С˭˰ɣǿֻڵħﰡ߼ˣ͸ҽ񣡡
˭֪أ˵һؾͿʼûˣһΪ뿪ˣҪԼϢϡ
ģʲô֪λܲ˵һ˵ոǸʲô
ǡ

ûȥķԷֱĿĵضȥ

ͬʱ͵ۣոѾо˻أôֳȥˣһһҹˣкҲ̵ô
ĸһӡǴķ׼״̬úϢɻָ
ǡҪúûָ̾ˣôÿض۲ӡҪ˼ɣ櫴ʱѾȥˣǰôûλ֮ôϲأš

櫾һ£վѹԼĺģûиȥֻҲûн״̬ʱʱ̶̿עӡǴķ

һвԵĵطǰ

Ŀĵظ³óţٻѽ櫼ǿΣһһҹѾһʵˣʮֺá

վųʶһ߾عעΧһ߳ʶ̽鵽ǿϢȥ

𡪡
һĺͻȻǰԶ𣬻һʶѾǰסһ

ֻħﾹȻǿռԵģ




19.  Σ   ĵһۣͿ˻ԡѪ

һݡ

öԸľǿռԵħʽˣǶȵ꣬˷ʤ

֧һ֣˿ֻ۾оڸоϡ

櫵·ڶߣռԵĵʱоΪҪκι޼ѰģΪĿռԹҲһĸоȥܷ磬ܸܿܵһǻʲôطġ
ľͨء

ܻȫգѡ۾ٽԼĸоͨ

һԪػԾߣǵĻǵУ֪Ϣ

Һ󷽣۶ûֱȥ

ħĹ˿գ𽥴ӿռѷ֡
ֵȼħѾܽж̾˲ˣոιǱʱ䡣

𡪡ֻħ￴һһĸֻ÷¹ֻ֮ζ˱仯÷¹Ǳü⵶Ե絶ƬžͼΪΣգӴ󣬼ֱҪȵϴƤëűɫһͺѻĸ÷¹ͬ¹ֻ࣬ҪСһ㣬ûгǡ

¹Χͫ¶ȣǶŻ磬ݺݵȥ
ĸ¹һߣ߸ǰ㡣

ӿԤǵж켣ţƤѥ͵һŵ棬һԾĸ¹ͷϲһţٴνܵ𴦡

ĸ¹˲ͷʱŭһʮУ˷Χ硣

η壬ΪȫߣԪضܵҲʮУһһĸ¹ĿС

¹͵ͺһǵһĶ֣ǰٵ棬ͻȻһ˦ͷԼͷϵ˦˳ȥһѿ硣

ȻѾԼһʵֻ¾ͻ߼ֻһ֮ңĵ鱨׼ȷ

ʷǰΣС

*
ն㣬һȥʮ꼱Ҵҵ˹ơţңˣɷڼк˳ˣɷȫƷɷɣǷС˶ǺĻ顣
Ըڣ¾Һն㣬żعҺն׶أڻѰµģܵصĴ֣ᱻء
ȰסСִֻ̬ܸϽ櫡

ţ·

̵˵ͷΪ·

˵˼У̬Ѿ󣬱ֻ˵Ѿչ˵ѾҪˡ

櫿һ۶棬ǰһ飬ƽʱۺǶร˵ЩỰûмƽϣڡ

ʲôˣĻƷɷߣüʵ

ǣҥֻǸʮ꣬Ʒɷɺۣҧָǵһˣ߿˵˵û֪֮ûԼＸ͸ϹôĶ֪бĸĻҡҾͲˡ

ɫƫƫ˵ʵȷʵ˵Ļʱֻںͬ鵱ЦһģСô棬˷ҪڵǸ
ˣͶСİ֣ڵǸӣͲԸ⣬СӾϷţ֮£ͱ

ǰĮڵǸһԴӻ뿪һֱ⣬˻׵Ծ׼ףֱӹŭ

ҲǸͷģȻöŮƺܺˣǿŲͷƫǼЦ۶ôСЦҲã

Ʒɷûסӿڳ㲻֪ҶôɨäȻ©֮㣿

ɫ࣬˵Сٹܣ

櫻̵ıֿʼðͷû˵κλͷһͨ򵹣ϥݽ棬һСӣͬʱϥҲ˹ѵ

ɫͨ죬δεĺ˳Ӻͺ£ܿͺʪ޷ͺ󱳣뷢ȴֵطԼĺһεס޷κ
Լǵ˲ǵ

櫵ĮؿǰǱˣ޲ԱߵĻƷɷʶʲôৡһŤͷ̾նɾ˹ˣôǸ

΢άɶ½桢ײoᱻɱ߲άɶ½̫Ҫô룬ֱδ

Ӧ

˼ΣǺӦ
櫣ⲻ׵ԭoġ

ֻøΧ˵ķӦжϣϵķڷճ˾صҴˣҷҲû´Σһ˵һͷŮ˺ÿ£ʵ϶Ǹ߽ߣ

䵭ܣأ飿

ɫҰܣ촽䶯˼£лûܣ˫˲еȣ˻ܻö⣬ĶɲΪרŰء
ڡ

櫵΢΢ףƳһȣָ΢ͳ˻ء

ֻգ۾ͷԼѾ˻档ޱȾ⾹ȻǸ߽׵Ŀռߣǿۣ
Ȼˣ˵ʲôûˣûкҩ

ƷɷɺԱݵؿ櫣ҲûʲôǸ˾ѾˣǼǿΪͺˣû뵽ն

ݾ̽ĿȻ޶ԣˮ鷳֮ǰԼһۣȥˡ

ţƷɷɵһӦƨһЩ⣬ȴְһ᲻ЦĮ󲻸ҿڣȻǴæƷɷǱʶﻹкܴηС

ǹŻ磬ûչһȺ˵˼ոӡͻȻʾҲ಻ס˲ȥ˻ߡ

Ʒɷɵˣţնأոջģ

Ѿ˻ǶĵһۣͿ˻ԡѪ˺۵




20.  fafa   ɫ뻨ɫ֮䣬ǵڡ

͵͵شصĴһ㲻櫵Ķ

ʮۣǰע⵽˻ǵЦЦݸɾ⡣öӨ͸ڲתŰ׽ɫԵľˣǰߵ׵ħʬ壬Ȼö˾Ǵֻħڵġ

üϵϢ״̬У˵Ļ绹ûзĴڣֻҡҡλεվǰȥ櫵˺ֱڲҪ

ʵڷĲ»磬ĵظ˺档
ôأϽˣʲô

֪櫵뷨һͣݲݸԼ˸һԼϵ˿ڣֹѪ˿ȫָǰߡ
ҪˣҪʡŵħžˡ

ں濴ֽģ޲Լָˡ

һ·һƫƧ̵ĵطԼվĵطһСͷͲϢ֮ó˾ˡ

һͷˮλ֮

ܿ죬ж𰸣̵ضž˽

ֲôʡħԭҪħʹˣΪʲôҪžˣ˺ÿһǴ

ܸоԼڿ̵̽Сܣԭһ£Ϣظһģһ󷨺뿪˻ء

󷨣̾Էǳȫֻǲܸµġ

˻ص櫻ĪеĻţ뵽貾ˣͷһòǸİɣ֪Ϊʲô⺢رϲˡ

ҹ
紭Ŵڸϵ˻أħԼʩչһܻڸ13ŵβͻˡ

վԭأƽһºŻ߽Ȼ׼ھ̹⣬ǱŮеģĺնҲҪС

ԶԶأͿſվŵĺն

ڵؼҡ
֪ûĺȻôƲԾճȭͷָűʹǿά侲ңǸôõĴʣԴʮүүûмˡ
ܶ࣬ǶǼҡ
м˵ĵطǼҡ

նļˡ

һһ¥ݣ˫ֱ󣬴ӿռͳ

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ӵbغһȫͬĵطÿСʱһӣΪұʱ

ҹˡ
µһ쿪ʼˡ

ɫ䣬ȴӲһ·ӵ˶⡣
ӱóһ֣صصݸ櫡

նտ֡ʮŵһˣ֪ô׷ֻѡֱֱеķʽþһˮ

櫶ؿǰ貶ĿˮСоʮŶ䣬ÿ䶼һɫࡢ°סõϡɫͷף̺졣ӻ䵽װȫɲͬࡢͬɫľɡ¹ҫ£⣬ࡢӻơ糺졭ɫˮʶ֯˻Ļ

ɫ뻨ɫ֮䣬ǵ־ɫ*

һض¹±ŻˣĸԸسޱߵ

櫵һյ֪ηӦ
ֲôۣҪɱħҪˣ϶һֱ͸֧н졭ľ򴽣ܵ⡣

΢΢Ŀ⣬ûȥӣҲܽܣǸ

۽üҵЦסˡ

ΪʲôЩɳƣûбףܾǼʹΪʲôǲܣ

ܹأҲҪЩ˵Ȼأص⡣綼Ҫ뿪һִ룬

صģնæڽͣһӣǱʾим֮顣ңҺܸм㣬ԣܾң𣿡źնǽգ˵˵ؽһͨмܵ
ǳ櫳Ӳ

йȻЧ
ͼ֤ɲ׵ֲߡ
¶̣櫲ܾ̾Űɵؽӹðɡ

翪ĵЦˣóһӡ״ˮУ櫵ԼĵһУΪô

櫶öڲתŰ׽ɫԵķУ뵽˻öˣԣöģ

̫ǿŻʪ񣬻ˣĵһҲգݲôòˣƹˤƵĵɡ

Ц˵ʶǰδеͣǰһСذѷб櫵Ķߡ
ӡרǡ

ǳÿʵ⣬ʢЦ⣬ؼİĽ




21.  ƻͨ   һֿʼ

֮櫺ͻ֮Ľ˺ܶࡣ

櫻٣һ㶼ǻĻͷ²׼Ǹʲô˼ˣҲˣ̬ȺʹǰһǺޱ仯ԼԼԼܵĸС
ʮ־ᣬʱҲ˺ܶ࣬͵͵ʲô飬Ħ
櫱ܲ䣬һֱޱĴĦѶȡ

ܵ˵绹Ǻܸˣ󣬲֪ǲΪ֮սԭͻС̨ףֱӵ弶ڡ
ʵûʮָˣ̫ǿˣǿֻ̳
һ𣬾ͱҪﵽվ̳ȼĳ̶ȡ
ʵÿν̳Сˡ

İ£Ȼظ֮ǰճ̣ٽ񡭡

ֱĳһ죬ٴβ˺ڰͽϢŻȥ¡

Щڰͽ׼ڰ񣬻˱ԭǿöкм΢ĺڰֵ˶սԻ֮а
Ȼڶ˵ǼΪСڷ֮ĸѾ԰ˡ

ǿ˫кô

ȻΪͬȼħȫܺͺڰȣÿζѹڰٵ֮ٽ֡

ʵĲϻָܸܵĺڰͽϢҲԽԽ̶̰࣬£ʮˡĿ̲סάɶǲ©ɸˣô©ôҪ֪ڰȻʵСλ΢ȴǺڰʵ߹Ķ

ĩôڰ٣кڰҲˣЩʵڲΪѹ׼񼶣˸ǻûȫãһЩҲЯ˺ڰԼĻһʱķֲˡ

ǣ櫳ϵ

ûһγԹϵԷ׵ӡѾǱҪʵǲˮ˴¼ϵĩİΣΪ֪ıҪ

ǣξȻߡ

껽Ϊ£
櫼˵ذķֶ˵һ顣
ѰһϢ
ĵ㲻һѵڰʵ࣬ǸյûõʵҲͺͺڰЩ࣬ЩҪδܲ˵кڰĸħߡ
ϾǱռеkҪǺúˣ׼Ѳ鵽

ʵ֤櫹Ȼ߿kûз֡

ƺ˼Ϣ̫΢ˣ޷׼ȷλԽ˵ԽС

櫣Ȼ

εúȥɣ춯֪ᱣϵ

Ӧˣɡ

櫣ܸоǴӦأ´ܼܲʱϵ

λoж˶Ի

*
С

ϰ壬캬߲֭پһƿһŮվһ̯λǰ̯

̯öһһƿ

Ů˾ȵ˰ǰҲʱһöһƿ

̯ε㻹֪ħˣ鿪ʼˣԽԽѲɱ˼ֵˡ˵갦̾ԽԽˡ

Ůɫأһ治֪кüûȥˡ˵ôˣҺòײŽ˵㱣ֶΣħҲˡĩѰ

̯ҡҡͷ꼸˭֪ء

˸㡣ŮظǮת뿪

ȫ̵һԱߵ׳ţ磬ڳȥħı𣿡

ţ磬Ҳţ׳ţǳǰҲ֪զ£ڵħȰǰļѼԽԽˡ

˵꣬˲Լͬ̾˿

*
նħţ˵𣿡ڻ棬˱ˮ

櫵жšȻŶֻҪѹܸ֪˵֪롣
żҲһ̸ʲô

򴽣׼齨һ֧ȥħһ̽ұѡˡ֧Сֻ弶ϵ߲ʸ룬ΪľȷȫħרΪħһйϵĵطΪ̽ħߵλãʧ˴֣вɫӢ

櫵ҺһȥΪֻܾͬϵǣξȻûзԡ

羭ʱľģѾ뿪ˡʵǿ֮׷󣬲ڿʼǱĬ飬һһնƺԸ鼫Ϊٶۣá

һֿʼ
ƻ̡ͨ

ܿҪˣټ˰˵ĻأȻֻʮλ弶ߡ

֧Сӻ㼯˻ϣħ߶ȥ




22.     ~

һ˳鱨ǰħǰһﴦͣˣΪ˷ֹһ弶ڵľ̽һ£ûΣǰ

弶ڵľһȥʮҵ꣬꣬˫һɴԼܿɴ۾Ǳŵġ

Գ˫Ŀʧ

̽һӲſڣǰûΣգħߵ·ֻʮֻļħɶħ

˷׷׷ģǰ

ס櫵֣ûг̵ġ
ȻնһоҲûеģȻ顭

뵽⣬Ǿ䡰ĸͷһĵһҪնĹ

ֻҪħ櫵ͻȻ

Ϊʲô

ħпɣħʹҲпɣΪѴﵽ弶۷壬˴κúôȥɳϸ͵

ɫЩȻΪʹħȽϷ㣬ħҲȽǿһֱսħΪٺ

˼ǿ󣬻ᱬԣڿʼҪǿϰ櫼

ԹӦˣõġ

һڵħΧóʱƬ򣬾ӢѸٽѲߵħȻÿѧоڵϢĵߣֱӴħߡ

ѾɨˣȻȷʵвĺڰϢȴûкڰ߹
Ҳ˵ڰͽǰˡ

˼ͦߵ껵¾ܣ±ĵ

ںڰͽܣȺף˺ܿͰħߵħɾˡ

˿ڳſڵԼ櫣ǿЦЦһħûãϹҲʶദͻ¸ɸɾˬˬ櫱ֱһһء

ַסָ΢·˲Ϣ֮κϵˣɼǵ˿Ҳ˲ϡ

ͫ𾪡
Ϊʲôоնǿˣ̫

櫲֪Ϊʲô˷ȥֻһЦôˣ鲻Ҹ㽲ЦɣЦģǰиоͷеӰӣԼˡ*

磺
磺ͦЦġ
Ϊʲôն֪ôôЦȻûбκЦ㣬ϾǺնһνЦǸЦ

Ҳ֪ЦʲôЦģʱЦĶ϶Ͱˣ̵֮龹Ȼıˡ
Ц㶼ô
櫲⡣

ν̿ľС

СӶӳУ˵ദ˼

ȥ֮櫾ͰѻС硣

糿櫻ڴָžͱˡ

ȥţһİˡ

ԷҽܣնСãҽе壬ȥ̸

壿ʶ櫶Գ˻֮κ˶ûʲôоȻҲǵǰħСӶӳ

ɣ·櫸˵꣬͸о仰еĮ̫罻ǣֲһʣɡ
ȥ˵һ

ûƽЩذһܵ¥棬ס۾ݡ

۵ĲһЧûУ

ࡣ¸̾شŵҼһ

ˡͣժ۾ϵĲţնС㵽ˡ

洫һϵȵ

櫴ţһűߵĵһ̧ۣȥ

ȥذŹˡ



櫿Żһ̫¸˵ʲôֻܵá

˵ͷӥ۹ӰһУ˵һսŮһ˶ɱʮͷ弶ħȴһ˶ûУȻһӣͬҲܶɱͷ弶ħʵʮǿֵ£

ˣָָԵӣº͵

櫺ˡ

ӵĶˣ裬һƵǰ˲Ҫţνֻġ

櫿ǰɫֵҺ壬ûֻ֣Ǽ򵥵ص˵ͷá

ʵƢȽϴ󣬻û䵭̬ȣĹصȿʼ𣬽ԽԽ


޹
أ
άɶ


ⶼЩʲôشܶ硣ǻƢٺãҲЩסˣԿżɽ˵ԼĿġ

ˣͬ鶼ǱҺǡҪҪ£Ϊ£





23.  ӪҺӵĸ~   

Ը⡣ֱ˵ػش

ɫ΢, ҲʼºͣΪβԸΪ£شԴ

ԸǲԸ⡣櫵ʵǳзӪ

άɶ½ǧⰵӪֳ, ͺڰǧ, ᷳ, ֻһͳ½ǰȻҲŪӪ, ǿڻ, ٴˡ

𣿡䵭

һСʻ, ɫ

櫲öĶ֪˴˿ﲻкû, ɴûҾˣлָָϵĲˮ, ȻҲܻʲôӦ㾶ֱ뿪ˡ

ڼʱԥһ£˻йԼͻļ䡣
ԷȥȨƺܴ, ҪȥĻǲҪǶԷˡ

󣬵ʲôҲû, ͻȥ֮뿪ˡ

ʱ, ÿڻָ, ˳˽һЩ⣬ָһƿˣܿջһԵá

ô, ٲҶ˻ǽˡһ࿡ʵ겻źص, ĩǰbѧ, ĩļߣһֱ֮ӣǵһôϲһԼĸԡ

ϧԷˡ

ˡԱһ, ؾˣջôʵ翿£

֪Ҳ˵˵ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ

̸۵ʱ򣬻ڳˡ

Ϊͻǰոմ.壬Ըоͻ.˳ӣԼ˸ġ

Ϊ״֮󣬾Ͱѻ̸һ¸˻硣

뵽ЩһЩԣɫģҲЩһˣģ뿪ǡ

ҡҡͷѾļˣ㲻õġ

ûסԼ𾪣쵼סĵطȻǲ»ܰһ˵ļĨնʵжɲ⣿
һ˲䣬Լľûˡ

õġԼǿΪҪŬС

ͬһĻٴݣڳٶ۵ز˲Եĵطȥ̣ȸɴһ˵û£櫲ţʣ֧֧˵Լʵ̫ͣͣˡ

ĵʵ򵥣ʵսõʦŻŰİھֻ̽ġ

Ǹо̻ǲģǲĸٴΰ

ͻȻص
櫣֪Ϊ̡֮һ£´ǣȣλ֮ôʵ֮λ֮ӵʵѸ١
ô֪
櫣
겻Լȥ

аȣǸһ֪Сʵˡ

߶ʲֻڻͶע˸ྫ

ǱԵ.̵Ļ粻±ٶͻƣڡ

bطһ£b쵼ϣϲ㶯bǻһΪظΪԻΪףϯΪס

뻪֮СĦѡ˼붫ء
һʱΪȻն˵һ˻ļ䣬ѱһ첻Ϊ̼ԭ쵼Ļž൱ϰ˸ը̫ȫˡ
Ǿ֪쵼ϯԸƽ׽ˣӣǸѵõĴù١

֮ܶǼ벻

˶һֽäĿĳݺ˵ѡ˶أ˵Ҳѡ˶أһһ

ţ׳Ϊ׵һٶһ˵Żߡʱ򣬻ǿЦãǵһƬҲȾ糹װһٶԼ˵ķ롣

ڻͻ֮󲻾ã̽һɽ쳣ǰѰһ֧ǰȥһ̽

Ȼرѡˣŵ˵ڲbأyޣǿߡ
Ȼֻһڵߣȴܸ.߼еʵ˵y޶û߼ˡ

ѡһаʮˣصǻ磬صǻˡ
СӵĶӳ

Էһɫͱˡ

糰ؿû뵽һŰɣӢš

Ӣɫȥǿƽһ飬׵Цŵӳϴ˰ɣȷʵղ̣ҽвӢӢҵĸ磬˫̥񣬻ӳӦϴˡ

βŶǿ񡣡

ӢʹԼĲűסɫһֱάЦǰ˶˵񡣡
ﲻϸԼҪ侲ԼֻǸ弶ڵߣԷһͱǿʱӲûκκôֻֿԡ

û˵ֻЦЦض

Ӣ亹ʪ󱳣Աߵĸӳʹ˸ɫ

ӳһ֪ǰìܣԸͷУӢűϾǶӳֻóԲӳǻ̸̸սƻɡ

ζЦһ£˵ͷһƻ

ӢȫһֻôûԶʧ𷽰ûһԼġ

صļ˳ڲӢžʱ򣬵ƭңӢš

һ仰òӢһ޵جΣڶʱ۾涼ڵġ

櫿˵ı֣µǵˣһ仰û˵ΪԻʵԴ¡

ʱŲӢûڶԷ͵͵ʱȥȻ˵֧Сӵʣ¼ˡ

̸磬˵ҪƸħģҿʲôҲû˵һþ̱Ů˵

Աһɵ˵û˵ҲĬˣҪǱһܲˣ

Ů˺޺޵ڶôˣôãҪǼСආ

˺Цһɲһ

Ӣüͷ壬ͺһˣҽôģСӲˣһҪҲܰġ

һεεŮ˵Լ־簡̸磬㿴ʵٿǵʵ𣿡

Ӣؿͬһߣñŵ˲:а취ֻҪ˵ˣ

ϣӰĵ˵

ôˣһ㳤ûУֻЩֶΡ
Գɡ

ȫ˶˲Լصķߡ

СɾҪֱ롣

ӢŻص㷲ܾͷš

ⲽ죬ͣס˽ŲҧҧһĨóһװɫҺԹܡ

ħҲҪ׳Сӣ

ĵƹ£ӢĿŤ˻Ƶ쳹СС




24.     ͷոһѡ

, ͳˡ

Ӣźͻһ顣

˵ʵû뵽ͷô֪ѾʶĻԺͼ, ߴա

ⲻ˵ͷ, ˵ͷ˰ɡ

һȦ, ֿ˼, , ʯЩͲӢһСӵľȻ, , 櫣ľȻ֧Сӵġ

, ͷոһѡ

ãʡһһȥˡʶظľ·롣

䱻źͻһ, һֱڲӢԱߣŬԼڸУ±ע⵽
ȻѾע⵽ˡ

²ؼؿǰ·, Ȳǰ, Χû˴һ

ҧ, ʮֲޣƾʲôĵǸŮ˾ôУȻͰҲƻ, ܲôƵᣡ

櫸֪˼ǿĶ, ĵؿ˹ȥ, ѹ˲ɫɷס

תͷȥٿ櫡

ܿ͵쳣ɽ

ûͣ½ŲǼǰ

ܿ, ǵϢͱɽǿħɽһħ˷ӿѪڣ¶˷

η塣
ͲǵǸСˡ

Ǵ󿪴ϣһȭһֻħԿǣԽɢ׷ɣľ˵ڵأȻʱпȥռ

Ӣųħʱͳʹ˸ɫȻװڽڰˣ˻硣

һֻħ󣬷ֲӢŵ˲֪ʲôʱѾ۵ʱʮֵľ裬

ʯɫһҩۣͼڲע¼ߡ

װħˣһϵȥ׼̱ܿʱͻȻѰɫĩЩħһᵽЩɫĩζᵽѪζľ裬¶⣬˻ų

磺
ȻǻϷΪͬһΣ

һ룬ʣµ߸˶ͬİɫĩ

׼ܿʱͷ͵һǱʶ˲˲뿪λãֻһɫճҺ彽ովϡ

ӢһѰܺɫҺ彽ȥ̰ʣµİҺ彽ԼϣȻԼԼһ
һŷеǸ硱ֻһӰͲ壡

ԹĶڸʲôϷǹܺɫҺõһܵ˴ڶܵ˳ܵ˺ԲӢŲôɴϵظԼһȴûϵ׼ֱӱܿԼԼֳĿ
ǵı󣬾;ԲӢŵԸ񣬲ֻ׼һַ϶ʲôУһֱ

Ȼ¶ˣĻбС

ע⵽ںɫҺ㵹ʱɫ΢䡣

ҺǺڰƵʴҺñմϵ˱ɺڰרܣԵֻҪմһ㣬ֻҪûʵᱻʴֱΪһû־ʬ⡣

ڰͽǷ˻ĲͬѰλ֮ӱɺڰĿܡ
ڰֿ泤ȾָĴ½λ֮ӣ±淨Ʋô

֣ĳϣǰ򵥻һԲʱһһģһ櫳ˡ

м뿪.߼㡣

櫵ıʧˡ
ҪźڰϢûȫɢȥ׷Щڰ߹٣˭ô죬ҶԹŵ֣

ոͷʧˣֳֻһ䵭櫷.

磺
ˣǸС
£ȻûС

ϵոշ飬Ŀⲻɾۼ̯ɫҺϡ
֣úնˡ¡

һϢĲӢǰʩ˸ǿסʵܶôõģ

Ӣٶ۵תתûлش
ҪǻشˣϾͻ

ϣ¶һƽëȻЦ˵ĻھָָԶħʬʳɤ䣬ǾĲοӡ

Ӣ亹£ѵң˵˵ش˿Һһ˸ҵģ˵ȿȣ˵ֻҪմҺ壬ȣȿȣ٣ȿȿȡӢŷؿţҲմҺ壬ܣܵ˾ͻԭתƵϡ

¶֣ģҾͲ֪ˣҪǸˣȿȣҿԴȥֻҪһ

δ䣬͸оһת˵ŵġ
Ӣ룬ŻȻ
Ŷԭͷ翳

ͬħɤۿţԼôħʳİɡ
ӢŵʩչһѪʧ֮ǰǡ
ΪˣҲǱħʳˡ

֪ħΧȦħʳʲôζ

ǰ£Ҳûţ˼һ£㳯ɽȥ

ֱɽ򵥣˵նҲǶ




25.  ·   Ӯˣ

Ϣ, ˳׷ٵɽ

鶼𣿡һȫ˵ʹǰĺˡ

˹ˡ

櫽Ϣ䣬һ߷Ƭһ䵭صʲôˣ˵

һվһ˾Ǵʧɫ񣿣

ô

ͨתΪͨ˹ؼ, һǱͼĺڰģ

櫽αװ, ӽɫĳɢ, ҫ۵˲ֱӡ

ڰ񽫣ڰ٣ЦЦ, ỹСǺڰ, ڰǲҲƬ½ˣ˵, ʲô

ڰٱȻѹĴ, 
ڰ΢һ㣬Ҳ˫ϥڵ, ݽ˵档

⻹Ľ

ߣԥԥһ, 򽫻ᶯҡ
֮ŵ㣬ȫˣȻ񼶵ֱӻ

櫵ص֪

Ȼͱˡ
k櫵Կ

ڰ񽫼ѵ, ֻ⡭ʱռѷʱ, Ҳڸ, Ҳһˡ

ԼӴúڰ񽫵ͷ£׵Ƿ˲ظ

Ҫʵ

ڰҧ, Īʹ, Ҳû˵һ֡

˵

ڰóĬԼ̬ȡ

һ, һɫʵʵذѺڰ񽫰

ȻԸ˵Լ

Ȼ, ڰҲ뵽һ㣬ںڰһը͵ĶֻҪ鿴䣬Ա

Ȼ櫱Ͼ񼶵ʵֶ˵ֵܼԱö˵ֻЩ鷳ѣʹǺڰõԱҲпտꡣ

һЩ֮ڰ񽫾Աˣ櫼ʱɫϵûմһѪ

֪ڰͦڰĩ½
֪Щڰְڰ٣ڰ񽫺ͺڰ
֪ڰƺҪĩ½֡
֪ɹĺڰÿһ
櫸ոյõ鱨

ٴΰЩ鱨˵k

û뵽鱨֮˵ĵһ仰ȻǣȰӡ׼񼶡

櫣
Ӯˣ
ٸص㶼ץסĺˡ

Եȡʵָɣûȫָܰɢ½ֻɢȫַкڰϢڵĵط

԰鱨֮󣬾ͷӡ߶߶

֪ˡҪæ֮͸ᣬػһ֮

櫣
ȻЩڰǸģĵ̰ѵΪЩ𣿣

ûб£Ͷϵˡûٳ˵ϵʱжһ˿ѹסȸԾ

櫣
ϰɡ

ɣ磬⡣

ˡ

ҲûطڰֵʬѪ֮뿪ط

ûã͵ˡ

Աɾĵط۾΢С

ˡ

*
櫻صʱ򣬷սѾˡڰ񽫺ͺڰٶˣħȺףܿͱץס˷ɱˡ

ǵģħߣǺڰֵĹ櫼ǵúڰǰûôϲ£񰡣תˣ
ƾ׸鷳

һȦλ֮Ӳˡ
ô¶ߵʱСǻúôô



櫵һûȵĻӦĵһûȵ

ӶһȺҵţ׳ȥĶˡ

߸һã磿ӣ粻һֱһ

櫵ʧɢˣҪǿϵҡ

ţ׳µصӺϣ

ɢܿڲԶһСɽҵ˻硣

ô϶ôǱӣʶ𣬻زˣ뵽һֿԣ̵˲Ƶ˻ߡ

ôˣ

һû¡ˣ櫵ɱȼѸܵĴڣԷȴֻһ仰ˣȻ֪⼫пΪʵ̫ǹȥ

ɻΪʲôҵĴ

磺ˡ

櫲ðɣúϢҸոʱ򿴵ħﶼòˣҲٶȥˡ
˶٣쳣ԭ˵һ߼ľϵħͳħħˡ

綨ؿЩ

һãؿʲô

仰ʱйƤĬһ£ûˡ
̫࣬ûпϣ϶˼

߰ɣȥɽԾ£˾ۼĵط

Ȼظ棬ȻûвС˼

˻ţ׳һӭȥŻ磬ɩն֮զ

ĵţ׳ˣնȻ޶ԣжʱˣӲػصû¡

ţ׳ֱ֮£˲˵Ҳûޣֻӻȥˡ

Ǿ仰զ˵ţʡϲ༱ͺնһ·϶˳ìܵģǲҪӲˣð˵æ

챣λͺãţ׳Ըһءţ׳ĵ




26.     ֻݺӵס

ǰ, ûٷʲôɵطλӳ飬ظ, ظء

ȥ·, ħ, 櫻Ⱥ, Լʩһɱ˵۷, һһʥⶪ˳ȥ, һһħ

ħսһָо
ռħʱоǵﺬֽƻķֶ, ֻһ˲ĹЩħֻʣ˳ԳԳ, Խˡ

ôѵл˵ܿԽħ̣
˰˼⡣

عʩչ˾ʥ֮͹˶㣬κս, ˮù

Щµʱûпλ磬ԻСУȻ֪ƾ櫵ʵ, ûħ˵, ǲԾվ櫸, űȥħ

Ǳʥյħ϶ðٵḷ́²ǡĸԭ򡣵ǹЩ, һҲԸ, оԼų֮⡣

֪ûʮֱ, ʮ벻ֱܲʳ׻סˡ
ʱδնĸ黹û, óȻڿܻߣ̡
̡

صʱҹȥϯְϻ֮Ҫչء

ͬˣλ֮ӽ˲и߽ƾ츳Ҳʮ

Ȱѻ͵С棬櫾׼֪ڰϢ

֮ǰȥţ׳

ֽպã櫸ţ׳ǧֽףֻҪܵ٣ֻǱѹ⣬ҲܸܵΣվǣһἰʱϻǡ

ţ׳Ӧϣ·עⰲȫؿﾫСɵǧֽףǧֽײ֪ʲôģ滹ŵĽ⣬ž͸˲һÿˡ

СЩ̳Ʒÿˣţ׳ﰵ¶ģʮ𼱵飬һúñ˵ܵұһء

ţ׳̵ţ˼άԽԽԶعǰĽѲ

*
ϲĳС塣

ưܵСׯЩڰôѡֵطƫƧ̣ħԪҲϡ

ǰʮĵطɫ

ˡֽˡ
ܣƬ򶼱ˣһʮѣ˵ˡ

³첻˵Ѿ׵ôˣ˵λ֮⣬һǸڱﶯˡ

¶ϵкڰ񼣳֡

գֻ˹

櫼򵥵Ƴһۣ֪ҲԱװãĸȤ

붯֣͸оСﴫĲٰѼ˹ؽħ棬ͽС硣

С

ɫǺ죬δεĺ˳ʣûڣʧͷӺֱȫ͹ԵĻȣؽҧճȭָǶѹһκۼ

ﴫͺȣĪʹࡣ

櫽ʱľĳ

ŻͷֵĺƣΪʲôڰֵıûеóѣλ֮ӻǳħļ

ݲ룬ϥڻ棬׵˫ָϣʼΪҴܵħ

ֻоԼڱ֮Уȣȵʱ򿴵ʥȾ.Ⱥ죬ֻݺӵסʱȴĸףһŵԼвףҪǸ˽ӽžɱһõ׵ϣвҪǲɱӡ

ټŮˣֻ뿴櫣ߵݷ֣Ȼ϶ΪһõԼϣвҪһء

Ҳ㣡ʶѿڶһ˲ͷӦǺննעˣ

ͷһ룬Ȼһᣬĸоʧˣȡ֮Ƿ·ҫůĸоĶʮʡ

Ǳʶĺ»ûһʱۡ
ȻͿ˽ߵĺն½ݡ

һʱֲԼǲΡ

ֱ櫿ڣŰʵôˣΪʲôľ֮󣿡



ɣڱǿְãħɳ֮Щ䣬Ϊħ
ɣٸһҲ˼˵

ȻγĬܽһУȻҪѰһ𰸡

磺
ԱΪǿ

櫲Ѿǿˡ

ɥ飬Ҷߡ⻰˵ʮί櫺񿴼һֻ󹷹ڳҡβͼõע

櫳һ£С֯ԣҵ˽£֪̫ûкô

ɥˡ
֪ն˽£ںնѶ㲻ϡ

櫲֪Ϊʲô翴ˣ˵ʵԽԽˣоĺܶԼ޷⡣

ֻܴԸȤһ֣ٱǿ

۾ৡˣ룡ԥ

櫵ҿ԰һʵҪܴܺʹ࣬𣿡
ʵֹܰһʵĿǰѾǻܽܵļޣٶĻܲˡ

ԥҿԡֻҪܱǿκѣ

áõ֮еĴ𰸣櫼תȥ



۾ħڵתڱ

۾۲ħ

櫻ָ⣬γѪڽ˻

ûбѪõķʽˡ

Ѫһ壬ͻһ·𱻶˸պõĹ͹
þûег

ʹԽгƺ֪ĸܣӲֻǿͷѰ

Ѫ屾£Գ֣ٷְٻᱬ

ÿСҪĩӦˣֻУϾ̫ۼ

ڣûԼ͸

ʹ֮£ƺһνɫҺ棬ȥʱǵҺѾˣûԼǲǿˣһ־ʹѾٶϮȫǱʯĥƴٽһÿһǶ۵޲õȥ

ٴεʹͽгⲢһ߳ܵ顣֣صǽ׵ҫ

ڴӺݳһ˻
˿ĿǻڱѾҧѪ߰ߣǱ´һӡǶ

ס˵꣬ƣ˲ϢϾͳ༫ϧҩġЩҩĻΪҩ֭ں̽ڲܽǰѪѪҩкѪ̺İԵʼܽ

ʹŸոտʼ




27.     Ϊì

ε¡

Ȼڽ, ѾĥĲˣ櫸Ͻʩһʥ

ǿָЩԪ

Լڳӯɵ¶һЦݡ

ѾǸ߼۷, ֻһ, Ϳʽ߽ߵС

櫹žѪʵ, ֮ȥڰʱϴڰ, ֵõһЩ鱨

ĺڰĩ½ɺ, Ƚ, ƶ, ԺѾһ²⡣
ģǺڰһɥĲ񲢲Ϊ

Ըˣ羪ȵ, ʮ־ϲն

š櫿Ż磬֪Ϊʲôǿ˱ּĴ󹷹, ޹۰

߰ɡ֪˴ڰֳĩпһı֮һҲ˷ʱˡ

õġ

һ΢ԭվŵѾʧȥټ

ǡ翴ǰЩϤľ, ȵ, 

ԭһˮѾʧ, ȡ֮ǿӿݵײǾܹͬһıݲС

櫻ͷ

ͷǰүүҿսѣ

Ȼصͷ, Ƶ, Ʒ, գۼͰѺ׺һ󶴣¶µİͨ

ߡһ˵һ߳İͨȥ

ʱ, 櫷ſڻһƣм˵һſڵĽƾڳˮһʧˡ

û뵽սȥһ˽ơ

櫣

ͣ½ŲƣһƹȥȫͨʱѾ˼ʮơ

ôأȺ̶ֳȵĽħֽ֪ƶ˵Ǵһô

ͨһ¶ѨΧͨõģʱǾվѨ

һڰ񽫣һ櫺ͻ硣

һڰǰһհ֪ﴥŭ£Ҫ鷳һˡ

һľ˵ʲôֻܴ̬ΪƲݺ
ѵһҵĹ

⧲Һλ֮άɶ½ԡ

ʲô£Ϊʲôû𣿡ϵؿǡ

ڰֱ˫ϥһ͹롰顱һҳʮӡ

绹ǵһο櫣ƽʱǰһܺ˵ģԵĲСͻȻϵ櫣оͦġ

ɨһ⼸ˣ֣ãֱ˽ơ

ſһסħַסϵĸָħߣŰﵽǰˣоżʵҰħסˣ㿴ܲ

ֶԺڰ˵ӮҾͷ㡣

ڰվ׼ʵʹסħ.Ҳ׼񼶣ΪԸһ˼СӴ´ࡣ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻģⲢץסĻᡣ

ԴȻѴڰϵ״̬ȻԵκζֶҪǿʮֵСӦ

ڰ񽫵ͺһֱۼ𣬽͵̤أ˹ȥ

*
άɶ½

أڰźĸ񼸴ΣûеõӦЩ֡

ڰ˲С

ڰ۾΢Уָһûһµ֡
֪ˣ°ɡ

Ϣˡ

԰Ϊ׵λoȻڣѵǼܵǸĩ½ȥˣ

ڰĿƵԼģһĳª̺ۣսʱ׷˵ģ̺ŨĹ֮ڶûкȫȻܸоʹ
һֻ֡

ĺã

ڰվһڹǰѿһ

׼𣿡ڰħͻȻ

ʮħϵħƷ׷ζ˲ͻΪʮħ񣬹صϥںڰǰ

δѴﵽ70%Ϊ׵İ͸ħ

ţڰ˽Ⱦ뿪ˣħǡ

ֻǶûˣ
ħ˼⣬Ǽǵûôİ

ڰصѹֲסĿǹɻ֮ȥķ֮

ո˸Σδ飬Ԥ֪ˣֻԼǵúйأǸõԤ֪Ρ
֪׷ʲôoйصδ޷Ԥ֧ģƿصĸоʮַꡣ

һʱ˼ĸû뵽Ƕڣֻ˶ΣȥʮħӲ½ȣĿǰ߶û⡣

ΪʲôǸԤ֪λһֲõĸоô

ڰ˳˼

*
ڰ񽫴Ŵѹڵϣʣһֱ֧΢΢š

û뵽߼СôǿʵȻ֪λ֮ӣйԽ̵Ҳû뵽ôѸ٣˼Ѿ˽żʵ
Щ

ڡûϵˣϾͻСӵ֪ûλ֮֮ʲô

ڰһţһ߾ȭͷ

ʱԺͻȻһʹĵã׼ӦͱһɴƷ

緭ѹָΪԵУݺ˺ڰ񽫵

û˸㣬˶ԴʱҪ𣡡ȵѪҺͷʶ£˲ȥһ߽ͱڰ࣬һסĺ

ڰɴ۾ƺû뵽ԼһΪӮĶϡ
˼£һˣ𽥱ýӲɴ۾ضŻ磬۾Ѿʧȥͻ

ڰˡ
Ŀ

սĸڰһ˲ȫɴۣŵؿһĻ˵ȥʵģҲ׼ʵˣȻôһ߼Сնɱˣ
С߼۷壬ȥĺڰֻܶҲ㹻˾

һʱ䣬ʣµĺڰǷ׷׸ܵ˴ĵﷺ⡣

ɿ֣ڵأϵ˿ڣȴûħԼˡ
ħѾڸոյսһգʲôֶζóˡ

櫶ΪϴСС˿ڣ޵ǳ

һЦһĸáβϤԷĹϵ˺ܶ·һͲôˡ

櫵лᡣ˰׵ָָָ澲ȵĸڰ񽫣ĸҲǸԴģĿǴǡ˶٣λ֮õˮС

ոմܵǸĸʵģúϢһһ֮ǵǵһּĶ֣ĵظһʱҪ֪ĴһСʱ

ǿ̱ڵϵĻ磬е㲻ģջǸޡ

תתĿƵĸڰϣ¶һЩЩѪЦݡ

õġ

ԸնìʵĶܡ
Ϊˣʲôʹܡ




28.  ܣ   һá

Ȼȫڰ, ѾǰԺˣÿ櫶ʣµĺڰԹǵսûĺֶܶζ¶, Ѷȡ

Ѷȳָߵ, 粻ò¸սֶӦԡ

Ҳиô, ڽλ׼񼶶֮, Ȼش淨, ٴαչء

ºʽ, Ϊ˰˼, ʽ½ߵС

*
ƫԶmһɽУһźɫ۵վǰŵ˻㱨

ľݵ㶼ˣɫϲŭ, ʵ

ƽʻŵ亹ֱսսشǵ, ¸Ӧ˼ǿĹϢӦǹԳ֡

ҡҡͷԶY޵ķ, , ǹ, ˰²Ž

̫͹λˣʵǿȻʮֲԸ, ȷʵʵ

˲Ҷ˵, ŵ˵һָʾ

˳, ŵyʣµֶټ
ֻܼͲˣλ֮ʵĥʯ, ټ۳һ

ô

Ӧǣȥ졣Ȼæˡ

˴ɫĪ档

λ֮ӡԹҪô

*
һ£櫴Żȥʣµڰݵ㣬һٶ˵˻ڵĺڰݵ㡣
ϵ֮սûԷ֮ˮɵ˰˼ڡ

ڶ˵һڰݵ֮ǴӾݵ㸽ħһС¡

ллƯ㣡Ůúܺÿǵ͵Ľ˳࣬پСɣ˾һдġȡԸȴʮֱˬھһɶζ

˹Ŀ㣬ȥǸʮº͵ˡ

лλȡҽ⣬Ůůů֮ûλʲôԸ˵һȫȥ졣

櫵أ֮͡˵֮Ͷ㲻ϣһħѣսʮ

ůůǿżڣƯ㣬ҡǿԸǲκ¶Խң뱨

η
ŮرƯ㣬ŮգΪǼ

ۿλɽҪھܾæڣôĶ飬ʵΪ

ůůԣǸŰɣ櫣޲ðѡ㡱дϡ

櫿ůů·𿴵һŮ硣

ͷСôճˣ

ӵıƣʵҲпɣһ弶ڵĻߣһ弶ڵˮߣн顣

籾Ϊ櫿϶ܾû뵽Ȼ˼ٸв뿪ھܾ櫿ˣ
ɡ

ãûˡ
Ƶ롣

ΪˣǾû˲ƣ˱ĳǰbء

һ·ϣůůߴߴСһһֱ˵ͣ

ÿʲôѽ
ն
õģնĸѽ׹𣿡

۽Ҳǻ˰ĸطѽ

޿̣ůůôȥл᲻ͷǣסְԼߣͬʱǸεض櫵˼ůůȽ϶࣬Цˡ

ҡҡͷ޷һôȤСУܸоԷһֱڶͷ⡣

ůů˱죬ײ⣬СһƯ˵˵

ҲСʿɶֹȻô˵ȴų硣

ůůѽ⻳˲䣬Ƶðɡ

һıһ߲˼سЦЦ

櫿ǵദ˼

ԭϵܵ˻ദ
ǰרĿĻ磬ĥԼǲǸദ̫Զˣֲܾ֮ദ˵ʲô

ԭǲܡ


Ҳ̫˰ɡ

櫿⻳˯ůůЩᡣ

ܶ

ⲻ֪λɱһȺħĴΪʲôϿǣǸˣƤϺܿͷ˿˿ΣҲˡ

ǰźӾ￴棬һûƺ÷̡

նʲôҰҲ˧ǸСҺÿ
ҿҿ쿴ң
ķк

Ĳ̫ǿң櫵ע⣬ؿȥע⵽ŷ̵Ĵֹǽڷף˼ͻȻеʲô

ǣŮһζԻ˶ġ

Ȼˣնҿҿ쿴ңұÿˣΪʲô㲻ذڿˣ

櫣
櫣

ôˣͿҪ

Ϊڳ˼Żӣûֱӿʳ

Ϊʲôҿ㣿

⧲ʻĻһܵĳʮ꣬һοʧأײ·ߵĸߴľ

̶̹ס˳

γ͵ͣס⻤ţůůǱԴˣۣãؿǰˣµʵôˣ

ĵҲ֪ôˡ

磺ոˣǸ

ô˵ͷˣմӹ̳һ

ůůʮֺ棬ʮֲʡ

дпƢ̫õӣ±ߡ

գֻСһ˵ͷŶŶŶúúá
ҡҡͷûϵ

櫣zôˣ
һֲ̡ѿڶ

ûʲôмǱ

櫽Žɣ㻹û˵ΪʲôҪҿ㡣

ٴֶһ£̥ڵһٻУ˴̶Ħ

֪ô櫽͡
ѵҪֱ˵Դ
˵ڡ

ûʲôˡǱδӣ˶ˡ

ûȥĻʮֲǰ

櫣ôˣ
һ£شΪĿãҪ㿴һЩɡ˶٣СӶģϲ˶
櫰ŰɣΪĿԡ
Ϊǲײ˵λ֮ӵĿá
櫣ƺеָоﲻԾ
ֻ֮סСӶҪ壬ûʲôǺһβܽģУǾͺΡỹ£š
˵ˣȵkߵٶȿˡ

櫣
аȣ̡

ǡ
ܺá

ٴζһ£γһSι켣

˭Ϊʲôնô֣

ůů⻳̽ͷССʵʣĩǰտգˣҿ

ͷر˱ģƽػش£á

˵ˣҲҪĹ
ˣһˡ

ʵڳܲס

ֻֻܿȴ˭̵ס

ֲʥ˾ӡ




29.  Э   иҡ

ҹ̵ĸ·, ˺ܿͻصbء

һţ׳ͨſ֪¡

⼸ûĹǵţ׳㷲, ȥǶ׽, Ϊȥ, ֺʵ, Ե, ܿͺˡ

ⲻ, һ, ͰϢţ׳

һţ׳۾һ, ָԱߵ˵ãȥǼһ¡

º͵Цã, ҽ⣬ůů

ţ׳ˬصţ׳Ǻ׳, , ȥǼ, ԺǾнӵһˣ

ս׳ţ׳õ֣ȥһ, , Ͱ½ţ׳, ţ׳Ҷļ֪ʶ˺ü죬žȡн𡱡

нഫϢ

ЦŵԢܺá

ţ׳Ц, ţһֵ˺üأ

һѣѣʮӵǼǴĹԱ°ˡ

ţ׳͵һԿǣ˵öԣȥǼǣ

ůůӦã櫺ͻ֮͸ţ׳ˡ

ԶȥıӰʮá
ãǶˡ

櫲ԵؿŻ磬Щƣôֱˣ

뵽һֿܣʵ㲻ϲůů

ĵڲŷְȴһ㡣

櫵ΪỶϲѣȲϲĻԺɡжˣڰ˸ϳȥʵڲ硣

شӦˡ
ʵĺˣֻǲϲб˷櫵ע

⵽Ϊֹ˻˷һҹ޻

ڶ죬ţ׳ˡ

磬ţ׳Эˣ

һüЭ᣿

ţ׳͵һ˽֯һ²ŷչģ֣֮ǰҲǺնͻ㵱ʱڣǾͻȥˡ֪ĶõǻϢոˡ

Ƭ̣ǽ

ţ׳ϣ
Ȼתȥӭ˽

ϵǣľȻʶˡ

ꡣ

ǵΪѾһλ弶ڵľߣҲΪ긲ϵİɴ
һԵѣԲעԲ֪bǻ弶Ͼ߲ʮ

նС㣬ǺãּˡȻäΪȴ˿㣬ѺõЦһ£΢΢Ƿ

΢΢ףãþòӭݣָӵ

ƽϲΪ۾ǳں⣬ҲʴӣԻ罫Ϊ˵ľٶ⣬ϵЦҲ˼ʵ⡣

лһŮˣ䲻ȴʮֳȡ

˼ݹȥĩˣûʲôԴźȣ¡

ŵŨ㣬΢ɲ¶־˵ˣˮĩҲǼʣ˹ȻС

ЦŵˣۿɲǷƷ˶٣ἰԼ⣬λ֪Ϊζɡ

粻ɫص˵ͷ׳ˡ

ЭȻһ֯ȴѾࡢ½ǿߣĿǰǻ᳤ڵʵ˵⣬Ժ֮⣬ЭĴ߻ﻥͬʱܼ°ͨˣ۹֡

˼صͷȥ

̬ƺɶæȴǻͺնСԸЭ𣿡

ϵǣҡҡͷ
ǸҲԸ⡣

һ㶣ΪʲҲǸˣܿͨ˸йϣΪнСӵ𣿡

û˵Ĭˡ

׿˵ģԸͲ·κһԱ
ʹͨˡ

ĦŲ豭˼ܿ죬̧ͷԻǲ֪ͺնСԸЭĹ᳤ģǿҪλ£ֻϣЭҪʱλְܳæȻλҪʱҲԵЭΪǰ¡
ܸо櫵ʵʮǿʱԼԼѹȸʮǿ᳤ûиָܣ˵ǰ˵ʵпܱȻ᳤ǿ

ôʵǿʵ̫ϧˡ

ԴӦ櫵ͻȻ

Ϊʲôʵǲ̫Ӧʱʮֱ󣬺޲һʵǲȥЩӰ˵顣

ǽҪȥ½ӦҲΪһһţ׳飬ҲиԮ󡣾ʰֻһԭ򣬻һԭҪ뿪һ֯൱ڶһĸ壬ȻʵѾǿ󵽿Զһ棬һӡ
ϣмңԶ޿Ư

á

绺ڣãһ

˵

֣صպҪԶţϣЭԶСӳԱշ

겻˼⵱Ȼԡ
᳤ҲǼ룬Ȼ˾һˣһвĵ

Ը⡣֮ǽ櫵ԸӦʮָɴࡣ

Ҳɡ

ĵõģ᳤ִó߻ģƵݸˣλպá

΢㶣漴ЦŽӹһݸ櫣٩б

ЦЦһ׼ѡٽˣС

ã꣬Ҳҳɡ

硣

櫸ҲúҡնС㡯ˣֱӺնˡ

꣺õĺն

ɫвݣԼһ޶䱦ĸо

ͻȻеˡ

*
磬ȥϯ˵ԼЭ顣
ϾԼbأ˱֯»Ҫͻ쵼˵һµġ

ϯǸʮֿˣͱʾ⣬ֻҪ˻ڶؾС

ϯ֮󣬻ȥţ׳öˣ櫻ҪٳһԶš

ţ׳䲻⣬ȴܿסظʾϣܻʱĶ黹

ܷģˡ

죬Ǿ뿪˻أb

bһ̲ߡ

ǸϿߣôĥĥġһ߸˲ͷ

һЩ˲ôˣ߾ǰˣ𣿣Ҳģ

߸˱ôһҲóϵǿΥģ

ҧͲٷ֮ʮˣ

Աһ˵ˣ˵ʲôʲôϽʰʰ߰ɣ

ˡһɤ

һתͷͿ˾ǲʮ׵櫡

񣡣

˴󺧣׷׺ûߡ
ϧʱѾˡ

˼ؿǣԱʹѾǵλ֮ӵĥʯ½ֻʣһطкڰϢˣѾˡ

ͦֻҪ磬ᱻ
һܲ




30.  һĥʯ   

Ȼǰһ, ȷǵħٽ

λ֮ӵĹ⻷ӳɣʵչʮ, г˼ڷչơ

ĥʯһ, ǰ硰ĥˡ, ĸаʵ, ʹħ, Ҳ޷ƥ, ֲװ˷ŵͷ, Լϣûս

ʵȽǿ, սע򡣡ȻԼ, ֪˼

õġȻЩɥҲЩ
֪ܲܿնʵġ

ҪԶҶ𣿡ĺڰ֣ȥʮ׳ʵ, ĽС߲, ֱò˾úڰһƾܴ

š櫵ĮӦ, ûá

˵񼶵ʵҲͲҪٻȡ

ʼվԭ, 䵭

ڰ񽫴ӱʼһֱ, ʱȻ, ʱһҩһ͸ߴٶ, ôߣ״ȭͷ櫡

ɫ䣬ƴһӣ㽫Ĺƻ⡣

ֻʵ𡣡ɤ޲

ЦŵȻͻȻҧָѪԼؿڻһ·ʱһĺڹⱬЩ·Ⱦɺɫ˳ӣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ڰ¶Ƥ˺ɫ·žͳ˲Ϣ

׼΢΢ü

άɶ½Ľ׼ӶڶڻòԼǿ

档˵಻սƽ֣Ϊ׼ܻô

ڰ񽫹һЦû˵۳һ޴˹

櫸̺ܵĿһ˿ȡ

ǡĽϣֹڰ񣬾Ȼǻ֮񣬰̰֮֮񣬷Ů񡭡Ȼʮλo

櫣

ֲڰ񽫵ʵǿԭô񣬿϶ӵkȡԴ

ȻйӪoȥ֮һҪkǿһ˼ִᣬԺͽԴʱҪ۾ǿ˶֣СԼ

Ϊôoܹô櫳ָ΢΢͵һսɿǰʱһڶָĽԽԽ

ĺڶڶ׼˺ڰ񽫣ڼµĺӳ£ڰ񽫵ɫޱȲ԰ס

ˣÿռķڶͨϵѹռ䣬ռѷ죬üʹԭ䷨ֺ֮ڶܹ
һߵڰ񽫣һ˵ԼõսֶΡ

۾һգգض櫣ˡ

ͲҪ϶źڶ˻۾ˡΪ̶Ժڶ棬һֱڿڶ
ⲻ֪һֱ

źڰ񽫣ָͨչʾ˸ֶּΣһϸսʦ

ýĽ̵Ѿ㹻ˣٶղˣ櫾ͣ˽⣬ɴϵؽ˺ڰ񽫡

ڰ񽫻ΪԼܺ͹ô˵Լʵʮǿϣܴӹѡ
ѹû뵽ԼֻǸʾˡ

櫽սԻϢϢúûҽ콻ݣļʱҡָָһɪɪĺڰ񽫣ͣǸʵкڡϰ߳Ȼѿڶڰ񽫡üʱӦˡ
Ҳоż۷ʵˡƮƮȫûоԼĻ˶ҲѹʵҪԵһȫʤʱڵĶ֡

Ķоż۷ʵ
ֱԼˡ

л㱵Ӧõġ

Ȼл㱵ؽ붨ָ״̬

Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣͺն֮ĲֱĲడ

Ҫǿٴ̳Ϣֱӱһչأߵȼķ֪ʶغʵͻƣﵽ˰˼۷ˮ׼

οؿԣܿ졣

ʵֻĵ׵ؿҲ



磬ԶһԶ롣

ǺܺõסԼģʮȸԾ˺նָ

ʧЦҪֺá
λ֮أȫ綼Ҳڶ

ûٶ˵ֱӰڽĺڰŵǰԼࣺɣÿıչسɹΡ

һЦ¶˼Сõġ

*
Y޻ûźɫһʯǰŹǰˡ

˵ĵظڣ¶Щζ
ߵ˵Żͦ˼ġ

һֱڶȥɭ

촽ŵǵġ

ֱϵΪǵֱ˾ˡڰͳܲµǵС˼޷Ǿþʹ˷һ񣬵Ⱥѵ֪ʲôСʧôûǱˡ
ºˣôˮƯҲûˣҪ

ȻƢܺã˴ʱȴ

ˣҲǰĦһڣƵǵã¡

ڰͳͷһͷ˵ϣǵġ

²ϣԼȥŭ췣ɡ

ڰͳ˶͸ˣججӦǡججˡ

ŭǺڰִ٣ֶμ̣˵ûʲˣҵĹͷǶñͷ

ڰͳƺѾԤԼѪܵ³ˡ

*
ȣȿȡڵϣȳ˴ƬƬѪԽս˵ЩǿƴŽͬھĴۣնɱĵˡ

ȫһǿĶʲôˮƽ
ɼʹǿߣҲйϿһɽˡ

櫲̽һ»˿̵µüͷ΢΢

ȫ飬ûҲѪסˣħ·Ҵܣʹ÷֮弸һɸӣͨûá

ֻùˡ

櫽⿪ӡһƵĹââɢ죬ܿȫ

ĩͻȻһɼΪǿo淨ٴζǿ˯



̽鵽ʱ


櫶߷տλ֮ӣտģλ֮Ӿ֮صˣBalabalabala 

Ԥϵӭੲݿըδ⿪ӡס˶񺣡

ƾôȰȣҲûܵ˿Ӱ졣

ȡ˷ԲϢΪĹ֮˻ˡ

ֻľһɼΪ͵Ľ⸧ȻϺľɫâ

Ʋƣ練øȫอĹԴ֮һ飬øΪʵǿ

İ˼ƿɶ

κû磬ŵһշ¾뵽˱εʱְ

žӢ飬ȡΡ




31.     Խˡ

ǲˣȻ, ĴɤԿۡ

³򣬡櫽ƱӳЧ

ߺߵô̵, ôôصˣ

櫼Ʊ磺Ʋ, 꿴ڲǸǿô

ƺе

һ˵ҡ, æٽΪ̺á꿴, żˡ

ܾﲻ, ָо˵û, ֻúͷƺġ

k˽ۣˡ

, Ǹ

櫴ȵûϵ´βҪˡ

áõġ

櫣, 뿪ˡ˵͸ɴٴηӡԼ

Ļˣһʱеʴӣˡ

µkӦٴζԺը, ڵkһ뿪ٴ
ûŵˬˣе㲻ȥˡ

ͷһ֣櫾ͷһ顣

Ϊʲô뷨
Ϊʲô᲻ȥ

ϸ, ƺλ֮, Ǹʱ, ̬оѾԾˡ

ʮֵǽţյʱʮ־ϲ, ٻάɶ½

ƾĶ, Ǵ֮Ůo, ˱ôǽǡ

üͷ壬һθܵʲôС޲ߡ

񡭡λ֮Ӳ˲еĸ顣

, ָǶģԽġúλ֮йǣ

תо˾

ͷ˲ԡ

*
֮󣬷ԼʵȻ־ˣʮֿģ櫷ϢͿ˶Է䵭ɫ

һ㶣Ϊص˳졣

նҵʵˣ絥ֳŵأһɵվ

䵭ţϲ

緢ⲻǴ
նı䵭ˣȳ컹Ҫ䡣
ΪʲôˣĲ

ʳ˿ڡ

Ȼһ䵭ı飺ûʲôҲûĲá
ֻͨˣйľѡ

粻⣬նڵĮ̬ԤԼҲʲʲôֻþԺ׻
֪ܵնͻȻ䵭ԭʲôɡ

櫼ָˣվȻˣɡ
ȥµġ̤ʯ

ദôʱ䣬˲櫵˼˵ͷõġ

Ϊʲôأץסһл롣





32.     ̹סӸ~

Ժ, ֱһĿĵأ˶û˵һ仰

ɼ˻硣

˵=޷=͸
ŲҪ

ǣСʼûһ

ն, tĿ, Ҹ߶ٵʱ˵Ϲ
ʵû, жæѧҵͼҵ, ǱҪ, ûȥ档
ܶ, Ժܶط˽, Ҫǣóֱ:)

ųɫֱ, ϲϸҵÿһɫεɫʳĻȡ

ڻ£˹ϵЩչ
Ϊ, 䵭ǿ櫻Ӧˡ

նǹ𣿡
ޣпܡ𻰳ȳһ, Ǽ򵥵ġޡС
ĶԻкܶࡣ


YһкڰϢĵط

Ļʹʲô, ԲŽ, һǹƬYޣҲûһڰͽ, ֻбڰϢȾ¶ĸħ

СҲ, Щħȫ˻, Ȼսܰͻƣȴ԰ȹ̾磬Ͼڶʱô, һ˿ȡ

Y޵쳣ˡ

櫵ʵѾָ˳ɣѹƣӵȫ硣

M޵ĺڰϢΪŨĸ֪ƬM޶ɫ֣Ϊꡣ
Mһкڰ

Ӳ󣬵̤ʯҲҪһһ
櫺ԥشȥ˱ĴޣܿMޡ

ˣûʣԺնһäĿΣȻôһɵġ

ûкڰͽºڰħȺףǳף˺ܿͽ˳Mϵħ

һսظԼʩ˸˲Ѫʧ

˿ڲݵϣ˫Ժ󣬿Ųεգնһֱ֪㵽˭ѾҺܾˣܸ𣿡
˵仰ʱһֱڿ

֪櫶ĸм֣Ҳ֪᲻˵ʳˡ
Щɱ֡ҹ֡ɱңһֱظ̣ɱϤİħϤİĺնָоҪƷˡ
һֱųںն֮⣬ô

ãȻ仰ʮᣬˡ

Ĭûлش
װûôܻ硣

Ĭ˺ܾãõΪǲԸ˵˱ۣǿͷĿɬʧ䣬׼װɵؿ˵˵ˡ

ҾǺն櫷·𿴵ԺԺȨ

֣ԭλ֮ӵĸѾôͷһҲпǡ

ĵطһܵشκĲ֪̽żڡ

һһ֣櫡նǸȡ֣Ƿҵ֡ΪԶҲ߻ЩģʵѾõ˷Ͽɣ˵Ҳûϵˡ

羲š

άɶ½ڻ£۾ֱǰ

άɶ½Ĺ񡣡


ɴ۾һؽԭأƺɥʧ˵ж

񣿣



ԭˣԭն

һնӦ˵櫣ǿʵ˽͡

ǿɡ

櫼֯ԣΪһЩԭӦһ£㣬ɳ㳹ǿˣҾͻ뿪
԰̣̫ĸ飬վҪߵġ

ץס˹ؼʣ뿪

櫵˵ͷ

˲κˣ¶ԲҪ뿪𣿡

櫺ĵҡҡͷԣػάɶ½ҵְ𡣡

类ܾҲ٣ǻһ˵Ǻն뿪ʱһߺòã

ᣬС޹ֿ

ƽݺݵػһ¡

ƲĿ⣬º͵ԡ

Ϊʲô׷ʵ

Ϊλ֮Ӱ̾Ϣһ

ۿģǿΪʲôҲԣҲάɶı񣬵նάɶһӦòѰɡ

ĵȷʵѡ
Ѿ㲻άɶĩλ֮ӣҪˣλܵñ
Իը

СҡҡͷˣоǲС

ǿˣͻˡ

仰һʱΪ˻ʣ֮ȥ






33.     һ

û׷, ֻһûһ櫹άɶ½һЩ⡣

նǱߵϵģ
ҪΪսʿħʦ, ֡
кܶ𣿡
ǵ, 羫, ȵȡ˼Լƫ
ϲĸأ

櫳Ƭ, ҡҡͷޡ
кܶƫ, Ӱġ

Ŷ, Ǻնƽʱʲôأ
һᾭȥ½

ʵλo, ޲Ŀʱкܶࡣ
櫲ϲ, ϲԼ½磬½ϵķ顣

оʻ
ϲָо

ĬĬÿһ, ˽նһ㡣
ָоʮֻϲ

ΪҪ鶼æˣһζݵĿʱ䡣

櫺ܶ⣬Ҳ֪޲޲

û, ͵˺նô, Ҳʱûرˡ

, ȻһЦնԸȥʤż𣬸һ½ķ顣

ǸӦôӦкڰûн, ̫, ȴʹҲ, ɻĴֽסġ

ͬʱԼԸ⡣

ϵľϲҲڲסǣ, 뻳УҪסź촽ǿ.˿ռתơ

ٲʲôתעҪ̲סˡ

ʲô˾ӣӵڻУʲôӦûС

ڻʱ򣬻ƱԪ¸ӿȥǿпסĳЩӦ

櫸о˿ԪزԵգ۾ԻͶһɻ

򶨵ոٿˡ

˵ѡ
櫵ֱ
ĵûʣҲǴ¡

Ӧȥˣ˿
ѡ

*
bǶء

׳Ѳ߱档һžװ˰һļݸλˡ

ϯӹļ򿪣濪ʼ鿴ԽüͷԽ

ણણડϯָǹɵô棬ǿѲߣǲ֧Сȥ̽ԭÿѧԺϣṩӦװ

װ˾˸ǣ׳

װ˳ȥϯǰͳԿ׽⿪·ϵóһļִļһļȶŸոյıϸϸ鿴

룬ħļˡ

ܲ

Ҫ֪Դĩϰٷ֮ʮﶼħӴ󣬾ǼΪƧԶĵطҲħεbΪһߴУ˿࣬ħҲࡣ

ڣԲڳֵħȻʮֻʮֻǵͼħ

󼫲ϳ

ǡħ̣죬ʱ˱ܺ󷽣ȴʱзһ

ֲ²ϯΪƤһֱ

ЩѲ߱涼սļ棬װã㲦˿ѧԺߵ绰

ΣҲҪ̽СṩȽװϯԸ

ѧԺԺõģϯ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪôװħǱֳʲô𣿡

ѧԺԺϯϽˣ֮ദֵһ

ԣϯ̾˿ţǵµоԱǼӿһҪԡ

ܾáħľսʱ̲Զˡ

*
ɽ

뿪ڽܣ͸оһ𶯡

ǿѧԺ΢ͨѶֻڻس²Ż𶯡

سˣɫأСӵһٶ˻ڻأ

Ȼȥɡ櫵ʩչռ˲Ƶ˻bǶء

Իʵû취һ˲ôԶľ롣

˲Ϣ֮ܵһĿռأ˼ƿٴγɶ

УڻͻƣýصС
նܰѹһƿȵͻơ˲ƸսͿ˿ڡ

櫣áȻֱӷסƿ

˿пտΧ

ʱ˼ľӳС

ǵصħڱգ˴أצ˺ǵʬ壬ǵĺ೦ӻû㱻ħһ̳ԡ

վ¥ϣһвҾС

ǻħﳱsǵħﳱСӹҼһֵһᡣ

櫵նҹȥ㱣Լ
˳ָʩһ֣ʩ˲ûʲô˺ɵЩΡ
оԼһˡ

һθܵ˱ǻʲôоиطƺһ£ֵġ

Цһ£õġ

㶡
⻹Ǻն̬ȱ仯һЦ

ʱĺͶ
ᶨһ

Ȼ㳯սȥ

櫿ıӰá




34.  ػ   һ̣ͻȻ֪ʲôͬ

ʲôˣץסһʵ

ץסǸ˿ɥ˵ħ, ħصģ

ɿִ֣ϳǽһħͷ·ѹѹħȺ

ץǸæˡ

ħ, ʶ·ħȺɨ

ûС

һɳ߼ϵħϢûС

Ҫôħڻû, Ҫôħǰ˼ľϵħ, ƤϢ
ֻֿܡ

෽ͻȻһҽ, ͷȥ, ԭһֻħͻ˷, һ, ѾǶǸ˵ľ

˫±ش
ˡ

ɫ־һ, նɱħ

ӳбǰͻȻһϲɤ

ȥԭϯԴУ

ԴУ˾ϲǳǰӳڻˡ

û˵, ͱϡ

Сģ仰ģǽ󱳵ѪҺ

ԴУһ£ܿмлӳ֮, һ˵С

ԴУ, ʲô, ôôģħﳱʵ

ԴУЦҲ֪ѹڲϢ˵Ϊħ

⾹Ȼ𣿡üͷ΢, һΪҥԡ

ԴУ, ݿѧԺ˵, ħпǰ˼ڵľϵħ

ĵƲһ

ħﳱħ֯ģѾ˵ס

šԴУӦ

˼ľϵһܺܿҵΪ֮ǰҪħ, ȻصûصǴͨƽˮƽ

նܰһ°˼ħ𣿡
ЧʵķҺնæ

ɡ櫵ǽ½ǽֻСڹǡ

ллնõ׼ȷϢ̸Լʩһ֣žʹӳǽһԾ¡

ԴУʧɫӳڸʲô

ûרǰսҪǽħﵱʯܿ˳˳ǽ¡

ͱһħΧ˸ˮйͨ

һ˫ۻɸУżѸת˻һߵ磬Χħ˸ϡá

ýˣڲǹɰ˼ľֱӸǹɾ˸ǡձ꣬Ͳǹɱǿʼƶ

ܣ

ɾΧס·ħ֮󣬺׵ͨҵħ

ȻһֻСڹ
ΪСڹ

ͨͨƽƽСȻҲܻħ

Ȼ֮治С

ħźĩ֮ǰСڹһģһûô仯ֻͨԼɫâͫ׺ⷭ͹ܿһֻħ

ȻȼԽߣԽħǰģĵ

ʱСڹͼװһֻħѵƽС׼ܡ

ɸë͵ը

ħ͵һܿ˻Ĺ

СڹСҹ

缸׷ȥֱٻ˾׼ħദ˹ȥ

ħһɤӣֱŻ磬ͫױɫ˸ĺ⡣

Ĺһ٣ɱܵ˾񹥻Ӱ죬ʶһʹ

ҧסˣܵӰ죬ԭӦһˣ̽ħĸ

ħʹ͵ؼӴ˾

սٴһ٣ʶʹ

һˮůͻȻοʹʶǹɱŰľ

Ǻն

̧¥櫵Ŀϣ߳¶һЦ

ָ߬ǽڷס
նڿ䣬һҪӮ

櫵ľη壬һ־ʹó뻯ڽսǰ°ħƵýڽڰˡ

ħ¶׹⣬ۿҲӲˣҲ򲻹һ͵

ҪԱ˲ʶ㡣

רĶԸҡ

ʶͻȻ櫵綨ûٻͷǷ˫͵̧𣬾ۼ˴ռԪء

ʱԳתĿռС

ͬʱ¥ϵӣһӴĽ־ء

ס𾪶ãؿŸոջצħ޴צӴǰĽɫ֣ȴȫûЧ治ܽͬʱϵҲۿɼٶȻָ

˲Ϣ䣬ϹǴӣ׹Ǵ⡣

ħҧ˵ͨеħҲѸȴ»ָǡ

֪˭һ񼣡˷׷׼񼣣񼣣񼣣

һʱ䣬˷ϲõĴӣÿ˶ۿ죬Լʧʹޡ

ǽ¡

۾ħ˫ϵĿռба˴Сʱ˫͵غ£ǿак϶Ϊһ

ֲҲӱǳ˺ɫųؽҧ

ʩѹ֮£ռں϶Ϊһ׸ߵĴУΧĿռ䲻ظһռѷ졣

ۿħѾѺۼ粻ѹԼ͵ذѿռжħֵ˲䣬ħҲԱ

顪
޴ıը쳹ء

ħıը󲿷ֶռʧ绹ܵһֳ

Ȼֻٲ֣˼ħԱ󣬾ֻһС֣Ҳû統Ѫ

һϢǣԱֵңը˴Ƭħʱڣǰȫġ

絥ϥڵϣƽžͼվʧˡ

˵ʵ̫ˡ

ʱͻȻƳһӡ

תͷͿ˳ӻֱ

һ̣ͻȻ֪ʲôͬۡ




35.  .   ¡

ڻԺŨīزʵһʡ

ţ׳һͷ, Ȳſֱӻ, , ˼̧ŵܵ, Ҫȥ

Ȼ, Щм߻û, һ, ļ, ˳˵ܡ

һθܵ˶ŨҶ⡣
ľܾ
̰ů

ȻһȺ˳µش˻أ¼ϻһ͵ҽ, ڼ䣬նһֱվȺ֮Цſ

ǻͲ˵ˡ
һԵؿźնĵһһġЦա

ûֹЩ, ʹ֪ƾЩҽȲ˻硣

ƾǰѻ͵ҽңҽ֮ǰʩһٻ

, һܡκá, ǺõıȽˡ

櫿ҽ, ǵЦʧ

λ֮Ѿ˶һҲ˺ܶӵ, ܺ, Բ, ˵Ҳʱ뿪ˡ

֪Ϊʲôһ뵽뿪, ƺġ

ְסλãͨ͸ˮһ˿ã

Ϊʲôأ
ǷӡסԻ

ʱԱͻȻһ㲻Ҫģһûµģҽ弶ϵߣһûģ

ůů

ҡҡͷҲǵ

ůů˹žֱֱǰ촽һһϣǵĻ簡ϵãڶڲסҽӰ˰ٶҲܿ塣

˵仰˼ת࣬סֱۣͿԻ粻һˣ㿴񣬾ҿ񡣡˵⣬Ϸ˿Ρ

櫲ȷصҿų񣬺㿴һ

ůůͷѽ֮ദΧʵ֮Ĳࡣʶʲôһɴ۾ѹѹŰ˵Ļѹȥ
ǰɽ㣬һ㶼ûʶԻĸ𣿣
ÿ
ܿѾʶԼˣû뵽ôٶۣڶûԼġ

»ġ

ڵ

ҪúһԼԻĸ顣

ʱҽҵŴˣ׷ԲԵҽ˳λǺնС㣿һ¡

ʱ뷨˹ȥ
ǡ

λСҽһ߰˽ȥһ߹š

նСģѾõЧƣֻҪԴϢ¼ɡҽ߱ߵ

櫵ҽˡ

ҽڰ֣㣬࣬ǻӺ һûôΣѪֹסˣ˿Ҳʼˡ

櫣鷳ҽˡ

ҽ鷳һǰš

ǻĲˣ֮˵Ҫ㡣

õģллò

ҽģˣǵעʱ䣬˻ҪϢ

櫣õģҽߡ

ҽˣ櫽˲

뿿ڲϣĿƵؿ

Ҫǰ櫿϶ʲôոůůһ֮ʱȻеЩΡ

һʱ䣬Ȼ֪˵ʲô

ûΡ
նھͻơ˼ΪԼʩչһȴħݽ޷ʩų

ǰһ𶯡һ˵һ߸ʩչһ

𽥳ӯ֫ȻһЦ

ллն

Щ޴شۣھС硣

˵ҲȻ˵ͼҴҵС硣
Ҫ׷ɱ

磺

ѻͽȥ֮һ̬ûнȥڴߵĵ

úúһԼ˼

櫾͸оСϢ΢΢һûҵ飬̽ȥ

ȻͿ¶ʹ֮ɫĻ硣
˫ֽ߬ȭֱϵļ𣬴δεĺ˳ջ䣬´ѾҧһѪۡ

ô£æǰ鿴ԭΪľǿȺʹȲħֲܺܺõȫǢһΥ˷

ҾȻ㡣櫰յصʱ̫ռδܼʱһ㣬Ǽ

ڻĶḲĶͷȵľ˳ƺͶͷӵĵطӿ

Ȼ̵ľãɡ

ӽɫľӿ˻麣ܵһɼϤľʶͿԼǹɾסԼġ

ůĺУǹɰľӾȦסԸտʼǲӽɫľס³ʿɫľͱɫľסӽɫľ

ٺͱɾ໥ڣֱ˴ˡ

üͷ΢һβƽȣЩ١

ԡԣӦģָоǴġ΢΢סҪԼľ˭ϻܵӽɫľ˳ļߡ

ھƬУ翴櫹ļ䡣

յʱϥһŵĽСŮͬһŵĺڷСкڹμڡ

ĽŮżɫۣڴ½ϣ۲ɫɫ

ͷᣬŻŮִȣλڸߴ˳ݣѹѹȺһأӽ̻Ի͵Ĺһֱչιε

ֻż򵥳ȹŮշȣЯ֮һµĺڷˣб޴â̫Ĺâȥ


ǺնĹȥ

ʶ£ʱҵβһĨɫݶ˼ұ

Ҳ˻Ĺȥ

۴޵ӤԼĸףſˮҪ

ССӱ۸ˣߵߵȥĸףغ塣

ǺЩͱˣܰ

С걻ĸõŲӣĸвĸףҪǸǸ˵ĺӽţǱĸǰ

ֻĸڵʱŮ˷ƵŹϴһߴһ߿޺ôôûã㸸׻ؼҳԷҪʲôãҪʲôã

һλվ֮䣬˫ŭۣڿʼͷӻûأҲôĥ

ȻǳһЩĬعĹǰĹЦݺͰƬ˵
պܿ꣬ɡĹϷڵүүΪɡ
ܿ챻ʪƺ޸оֻһֱעĹ˫۷졣
ΨһҲˡ

Ӵˣ޿ˡ


ͷ졣

ߴ½ǧ꣬ҵˣҵ£ûиոտһĻĻĸд

λ֮ӵĹȥô
ǿӲɫӵӻʶ

ΪڸոգཻͨСġˡ
նСʱÿɰ
ն֮ÿ
նḻʡ
ף·ĺڷ˭ôն


ˣôȥҪˡ
櫶΢΢һΡ




36.     ܿͻ

һؾ, վЩӲصĽѾˡ

oľͻȻ, ˮ, ɫľ滹΢΢˸Ž⡣

Ǿཻ֤

ȻһЦллնβϵе㳤, ƽʱ, 櫿϶ע⵽Сϸ, ˸ող̹, ܵЩӰ, ϳβһСˢģıӲȻ

֮䲻л櫸Ӳ, Ȼû˾ͳȥɡ

˵Ϊʲô뵽ԼľͽʶﰡȥҲеġ
櫱žµСһԲؽ˷䲢˷š

ŬסЦ, 櫽˷ŷſԼЦ˿

նǺÿɰ
Ȼ.ǿ.ĸ, ھǿȫԺħᲢ, ȼҲֱӵ˾żڡ

ڼӯ, ЦˣȴЦЦžͣˣ˵ĸӡ

նǾľ, үү, Ҳûжôõˡ

ԡ, ն
ѣҲҪͺնһ

*
һطϵʵѾָ, λ֮ΪǿߣҲܹһ棬˵ʱûȥˣȴΪָԭڣƺλ֮Ӳ˲еĸ顣

ʵǺܲӦá

밬ͷԼˣе飬հν⿪Ծڻһը졣

ʲôΪηֶˣ
Ϊβ᣿
ǲᣡ

澡ְλ֮Ӷżˣáˣչȥˡ

ԣϵԭΪkաءȥˡ
ôǡɵһʱ㰡չǼ٣ӱβ棺

ˣûָܷӶãʱɣҪǰѻ罻֪ᷢʲôҾء

ϾԳĲ¡

ǼĻҪ¶λ̬

櫳Ƭ̣Ǳ˱ۣٴͷһԡ

ǲɵá
ǲ
ǲ˵

o谮

*
׼Լ䣬

ơ

ȥţʶˡ
ԴУ

ԴУˣš

ԴУҡҡͷҾͲˣӳȥϯ칫ҵģϯҪ

΢㶣ԴУſڵԼãھȥ

նϯ£ȥһˡ
һ߹һ߸櫷һ

š

һһ߸оԡ
Ϊʲôоնֱ̬ˣ

*
ӳϯָָӡ

ϯӳıҶ֪ˣǺηӳʵǿǰé

˶٣ʵӳҪ̡

һļݸ硣
ӳ

翴ϯһۣŽӹһǻܵļ

ԽԽľ

ܱߵhȹħҪݣƬ̣ˡֱԣħʵӦֻ߻˼ǿӦġ

ϯɫ䣬ȴ˾κˡ

֪ǿߺŰ˼ڣǰȴ赭д˵ˡֻ߼˼ʵʵжǿ
Сǰˡ

翴ļϯңȥԮô

ϯ̾˿ûǵġ⼸ҹ⼸ˣҹͻ뱻ħ쵼µħﳱסľ棬ʱһػͿ̿

֪ӳԸԮϯѾ뿪ˣǿߣĲԸ⣬Ҳǿ˵Ҳǿˡ
һΪǿƶǿߣǶһʧ

û˼þ͸˴𰸣Ը⡣

ڶʱʵô࣬һ˿ȣȥħԴܹһʵ
һܽ˻֮
һ˫һá

ϯϲǾ̫ˣҴллӳˣ

Цϯˡ

*
ȥ󣬻Ͱº˵ˡ

櫵ҲãƵսȷʵȹԼʵ

磺Σնһȥ𣿡

΢΢һ㶡

ŵΡҾͲȥ˰ɡѾԶһˡ

磬ǿߡ

ԤϻᱻܾҲ÷ǳɥֻǵǺնһɣ

櫺š

õ϶𸴣Цõġ

ĿƵؿ櫣鼸βס

ǱĿһҴҵƲĿ⣬עⰲȫ

ݸһעġ

˺󼸲Ŀһգգؿ櫣ˡ

š

תȥŰֵʱͻȻתһѽ櫱˸

櫻סˡ

罫ͷľѣһ૵Һ᲻㡣

Դն˼ûֿβ֪ҪȥãûѾʼ᲻ˡ

ǿװ򶨵ûʲô᲻õģЩħʵǿܻܿ

ľѴ˿šҺܿͻġ
ҡ




37.  o֮ս   볢Գ˵еʮ

Ժ, Ҳûš

ԷһؾֽߣΪҪ֮һ, ÿ춼ڻسǽǴ¡

ˡֱ, Ҳֲ̫˰ɡ
ûз, ûб, ʲôû, άɶķ¶ǿֻҰ

ַֻܵħ, ߼Ͼˡ

緢չҲ̫ˡ

ʵڿȥ, 뵽нСӵĴӪûסǿһ, һЩ󷨡

˶Դһ֪ȻæȻ졣

£ͻˡ

ע⵽û, ʶ⺢ʹ˿ռ
ħΪ棬ռתƵľҲǿˡ

նһˣһѽӵ뻳, оȱʧǿ±
ҹ, ʱѹ̡

ȷſ, ﻹкܶˡ櫷ԺҲûԻĸˣʮֲ

ãȥһMޡ櫵
M޵ĺڰϢͻȻ֮ǰŨٱ, òȥ, û뵽, ͻˡ

˵M޷ô£Ȼû˵
ʵˡ

̵ҪһȥŸջ, һ̶ͺնֿ

ͦûˣʵҲе᲻øռͷֿ͵ɡ

˿ڵ״̬ͳƿҩݸˡ

ʶûʣֱһ
պ꣬͸оԼƣľͿݽߵħԵĻָ

櫵ſڣˣȥţ׳кȻǾͳ

һһ

*
񣡡׼ͣ͵һͰ˴͵Nޡ

櫣
磺

񣡡զզǸ·ǲǴģk˾޴Ļ£

·񣿡ûֻͣǴŻٴν˲ơ

ţkM޵ħﶼˣߣ֪ͲСȥû塣

֮MѾ˼ȥ᲻档еص

ῴˡ˵

ǰĿ꣬ħ۾ȫһƬֵĺⷭɭһƬҲģ

ۿħƮɢ֮ϣƬ½Ѿȫڰռݡ

ǧħεƬߵϣһˡ

СҪ򲻡ҪֻܺǸ·ƽ֣Ҳˡ

kŵûжãƴȫҲֻܺλoƽ֡

ᣬ̫ˡT-Tص

櫷·͸仰

ˣֹkģġ櫰ο
ϵ˭Ѿˡ

ڰ񲻿ԹkôصˣûȫָһûǾ߸£ų
ʣµܺƥеľֻкڰˡ
ȫԸֻƽֵģֻΪ׵İ

ΪڰĸڵkʱȻңܵѰζ

õġίͰ͵Ӧˡ
kоԼöԼĵ̻ᱻo۸͵ˣkҪúǿʵ

ֱɨ裬ҵMϺڰϢŨĵطֱȥ

ˡʹһµİԾǸģ

櫸֪˰ϵϢ֪Ϊʲô򲻹k

꾹ȻһƬ½ϵΪʵļƷɭ䣬ѵܵ淨Ʋã
ûЩڰǲҪ׼Ȼ׼׸ڰ

櫸оԼ࣬ŭɶ
ӣΪ񣬱񷣣

Цζ£ⲻάɶôܵƲá

縦һ񣬱оһǿҵѹΪ˵ֿסɹµĳ嶯ٻ˾ŽѾش̽˵档

櫲˵ĲʣæΪס԰ѹ
ˣΪ߳ѹ»ǰһж磬԰ѹû˿оŻ˻ĸܡ

͵͵غһ¶൹Ǻܿء

Խˣ񡣡

Խʣ̺ž޴ڱϾ֮ܲסѹ

ͻȻоһᣬжˡ

̧ͷһԼһɫλס

һ߹ս
ۿսʮаǵ֮櫻ĵΪʩһ񼶵ȫλ֡

õġ
֪ڵʵﲻæԹӦˣڱﰲĹս

µ˺ˣȻ׼ļӳ֣ʵǣԴĹȴǲҵģŰ

ˣԸ궼㹻ˡĮûóֱʹħ

оӭĹ̺Ũķ֮񲻸ӣtҲһ̺ŷ֮Ĺ

䡪
ıըӵĵطҫ۰â

г櫲κθؿŰ񣬵˵кô

һ˿佱ԵöûУֻǽ櫣˿ͷɡ

۾ؿŵkǵս۾ʹҲûܡ

ս

УѾ˾k櫷ұۣսܿҪܡ

ʱk˻硣

ӣλ֮ӣ
Ǿõkλ֮ڹķжذɣ

k͵س˹ȥ

ৡһ׹ͻȻ֣Ӳס˰ǰĲ

λ֮ӣǵkֹ˰

櫷ӦҴҶԻȥﲻȫˡ
ȻɥĲҪЮʣ

ۼ类ߣϣգʵغɱᣬڰ²ưոݵģ

Цһµk

˵꣬û˹˼ɵ׷ſֽţħӿܿû˰񣬳׶Ͼ˰

ۣỹСˣԹ۵̾

ҲûʲôµĻˡ櫲Ϊ⣬굮ʱ㹻ãҲôǿ󡣡

šгΡ

ˣҪȥʣµĺڰˣλ֮Ǳ࿴Щ

ǿ϶ġĵشӦˡ

šûٶϻ˵ֱ֮ȥʣµĺڰ

Ҫȥĺڰڸʲôʲô

һڰǶˡ

Ҫǽkȫնɱڰιȥɡ

*
ͻȻͻЩ¡

ողϵĸоӡʮ̣Ҫڻܲܺúûһ

ʵô

粻ʵսȭͷ̫ˡ

ԼѰһȫĵطط󷨺󷨡

ոչۿһսĳǳǿڷ֮ࡣԣȴϽչء

볢Գ˵еʮ




38.  Ż   ۣ֮ϣҲ

ǲС

·ǵ, ۻγֻǾż۷塣

Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
˼

ҧܲ, , 

ͻȻ, һֻ۵ְļͷ

, ɡ, ˡ

ûǳɲġ

ؽҧ, ûп
ģ

櫼ǲԸ, ̾˿֪, ʹײǽײͷѪҲԸͷûȰڻ֪Ϊʲôһֱ𣿡

֪תƻ, ȴǵ롣

Ŀ⿴⣺ҵʱˣΪˣҲΪ˻ȥ, ҺıһЭ

һȫɳ, ٿռͨһȥ

, û뵽ྐྵȻ

ȻƾǶԲεĸĸ뵽չ

Ϊʲô㻤ңڡҡϼ

Ϊλ֮ӰЦ, λ֮һתŦ, Ҳĩٺ, Ŵѡ㣬ĩеǧ顣

ԭԡ
ʱǵ׹ģȻʾ, ȷʵ϶ġ

ǵġ櫺ԥع

ĵ׺س˲ȻϲԸߣȴһֱڴߴ뿪

ѾܹһˣڰֶѾɾˣ½û˭˵㡣

Ҳʱ뿪ˡ

ʶס櫵ֲס

ߣû˻ҹĴһ˲໭棬ߣնߡ

Ÿɣػû죬нСҲҪ쵼ҵʵдߣô㶼ٵȵȰɣնȵˣħҲ޷ɾ޴вʱߡ

櫱ʪ񿴵ĸ꣬Ժͱһֱڶһ˵㲻Ӫִءһ˵İһִСʧȥˣҪҲˣľĿ𡱡

˵һˣĸꡣ

նɣֻҪʲôģ˶ġ

櫱뱾ܵĶŪ÷ʤϡͿӦźá

ճڣʶˣûסˡ

ȴϲԽ޲ñתʮȦֻСӵס櫣ϲлл㣬ն

櫱ϲõԽŪûڣƿôĻ磬ȴֲɨˣǹԹԵظˡ

ôˣһҲûʲôĵ

*
һʱ䣬ؽƽʱڣħѱΣʧ˲ٻЦ

Ȼƽ֮£ӿ

ء
ҪԶض𣿡һް߰׵ͼȰ衣

Ӳ־͹ͲԸϲ

ĵ˼ҲǲԸϲ˵ϲ֮ΪϯŲԸġ

òײеƽҪ
˿˿죬̾˿

*
ƽӹûþͱƣٴαңڻднС붫أһµҴ߻ ۡء

ʶħ˶ԭĻأ˷ۡ

ۣ֮ϣҲ




39.  ټ    ֻģع⣩

ۡصĽ, Ȼȫ̶ġ
ζϴȴһṩҪĽϡ

ǡϴȫϸ櫵ݸһ飬ҸǵЩ涼, úоо, ͼֽ, Ȼ졣

õġӹ, ˵ס֪óһûĲʱжãȻ, һ, оԼǸä, ǰ鶼׶ˡ

ԷһһԱ߿šΪ, 櫿ԸıṩʲôԼɣ⵽淨ĸ, Ҳڱĳɳ

õġ֣Ӧ

*

»صѡַȻbǣΪ೯׶, ǧŶ, жԻʷ, Ծֺ󣬻绹Ǿ¿ʼ

ﲻôԿŻ续ͼ˰ָָһ, ٸӲȴ, ܶС, ĳܵ㣬Ų˶þͻ

סʣ˼ٸֺںأ

櫾Ķ, ĵ淨ѡˣʮֿԣȻԡ

õġõ϶õñʰ

ҹݵæµʮ죬صͼֽų깤

ʣµҰ㿴ȥϢɡ櫿Ż۵Ũصڣ۵ص

Ϊͼֽûֻʱһסţ򵥵ؽ˷¡Ϊʱķʮּªܶﶼûףÿ춼ĵģϮħ

˵ֶ̬ԼԼܴѹʳݵؿ飬ȷѡģṹͼ

Զ˵ܺ͸ۺʣʮ첻Ϣܳס

õġӦɵòСɹô죬ʹҲоƣоڱۣ̾˯š

ȥɡļ硣

Ȼߺ櫾Ƿͼֽ壬ϸϸؿһ߿һ߸ĽΪһλͼֽõĻǵһμĲϣ̳ȺҲ޿ɱ©Եڿ꣬ͼֽѾͿĨüˡ

櫣

ˣ»һݰɡ

ǣһ˯Ļһ۾ͷԼѾŲһİĵط

ˣ

šһߴ´һԺ櫽нĶ

棬ܿ

ߵſڣƿ˷š

Զվңң

ԶһһǻźˮΪǵ¼ҶŬ

ǡǰѾɻǣ¶ȡ

治ɫҰͼֽ޸ֱ֮ǰŽˡĶĩǰǹʦģͳȫ֣Ա߿޲֮

һҲá˶٣˼ȣնãҵͼôͼֽϸдĸطʲôϣ˵ʮ꾡ˡ

櫣ôش

粻ͬϵͬͬ˼ͼֽȻҲر

ͦõģѧѾܲˡӲص

ǾͺáЦЦܿ޸֮ͼֽ𣿡

櫣ôûûˡ

ͲˣأֻҪЩˡóһֽݸ

õġеźûٶ˵ʲôͼֽٶͶ뵽˻С

*

ڼ䣬ٴθԼ˿˸šһԻصס˵Ϣ

ڻؽ֮ǰͲв۵ħϮˡ



ʱ꣬ǰ޹˺ߵҴ߻ڽˡ

翴ǰĽ֪˺նΪʲôû޸ĺͼֽˡ

ͼֽϵĲ˵һģһɣֻ˵Ǻɡ

ػõάɶزʯ̽𣬵污֮˴Ļҽ𣬶ศɣ䵽ͻɢһԻߵܺܺõΪشڻûرѹ

õǸܶȸӲȵϡпʯϣʯ׵İϣʯɫΪ̶ȵؼǿķ櫻ڰϣʯļ϶˸ʯȶʯķĩ

ɫǳɫ֯һ𣬼ʵá



ض櫲οάɶ½ķģϾάɶ½ıЩʯǧ꽻ЩʯӳѾһԼϵ

εĻ̿νǰѡǰ˳仰ֵ쾡¡

һʱ֯ѰһõĴػأμӹáϾȻάɶʩãԼϤĶŸ˳֡

櫽оֲӿ˻ĽȣؽõĹ滮С

ֲ԰ЩӲȥǰʮҪֲϵһСʱһΣʮһξͿˡȱٱҪķϣֻħˡóһӵݸ磬¹ӣĹʵò࣬ǿڸвһһɳСȻ˵̫ܲóԣӪܷḻһŹʵԱһ죬һܽɰǧŹʵ

ҪǣľڳɻÿŹʵ涼֣úñ˲⡣

óάɶزһһ˵ôֲǣذЩ֪ʶ㶼

ˡžЩȥæɡԾ˵òˣûǰȥš

Ҳս˵ĳʳ⣬ûൢ飬ֱӾȥˡ

õķչ

ڼ䣬һ£رңĽܾˣ˭Ҳûúôֻ˵ϯⳡб㣬˾綾ΪλѴеĶǿûŹһˡ

󣬶ɢ쵼֮󣬾뷽ۡ

ǣ۵ˣ绹רŸĿѧǰһΪо

ʲôʱ򣬿ƼǵһҪ֧֡

ڻ֮󣬻Ͱѻʱţ׳ĸԼǺһǰȫأƽħﳲѨ˸Ҵ߼ء

ЭᾭһؿǣֲɻηֲΪЭ

ȻôŵģΪ羭ײβԷֲ϶ڹֻǶ˸ͷ

˫ۣʶɢȫأѰСҴ߾ۼء

ûˡҡҡͷʱѰʮϵҴ߾ۼضҵˡ

߰ɣŻмɢȫءЩԸ뷽۵ģ櫵ĿԣصĸصĲ۶Էôధҿ޺

˾ҲֵûػؼȮ粻룬һʼͶϾҿԡ

⼸ˣǾͿϢˣʱҴȥɡѾڳδˣġ

櫿Ż²ӣſ˼Σȴֺϡ

ˣٴһʱɡ롣

û뵽ƻϲϱ仯գͨ櫵ľӣάɶˡ

̺ͰĹߡ

ʮ˽ŲյӦķŮֱϲ£ڿˣ

櫣л˵

Ůɤӣɫ£ڰغ֪顭ʲôȥһ˴½

櫣˵ص㡣

Ů񣺡ð£֮ܶǣڰȥһ˴½һ붼ѱˣһ밡£ںڰӪѾԶԶ˹ӪǴ򲻹ڰ񣬲ҵkۡҵkѱ嶼һ֣Ҳ򲻹֡

Բ£̫ûءŮٿ޵

櫣

櫣ˣ֪ˣᾡ꿴ʣµЩ壬ʣµҲͶڰӪȥˡ

õ£ŮһڴӦ£һһ֮ûио𣿡

ĵҵȻиоֲЩһ㣬ԭΪ֮ڰˡ

¾ûҪͷŮ˵ˣжߡ

һͷķŮ񣺣

жߺ̰

Դϴ߱λoͱüߴϣٲȻİã溰浽Ҳûֹǰֺ˰첻ֵ

ôˣ

櫰άɶǱ߷˵һ¡

󾪣£

kᶨõᶮˣҪ𣿡

ֻҪھΪῪͨͨҪȥˡ

˵仰ʱ˷·ѳ룬һ˵Եģȷѡ񡱣һ˵ôһִģ

򿪿ռͨʱͻȻһ¡

ȻԺͱܸ˸УˮдһţԥƬ̣ó׷⣬İ

λ֮ӻˣͰɡȻ¾ףǵkʵΪõӹɣġ

ǡռ΢΢һ£ϵĶʧˡ

ӹƷһ꾹Ȼðİ˼壬oʱҲһͬo൱oСǰ٣oҲܵԴ˺

櫰׷磬൱ڰԼİһ

ûʲô᲻õġ赭дͳʹȲʹ

Ȼ֪Ϊʲôʹ

ðɣȻˣͰ΢΢̾˿еϳɵζ

ͻȻĿ˺ģᶼҪ뿪ˣ껹ǲϳһ𣿡



櫵ɣģoᳰЦġ

ŤŤðɣȻҪ뿪ˣ͸㿴һɡ

˵꣬櫵ǰͳһƶİɫСӣӿȥӯ鶯·һѩࡣ

СӶ˶¶ֻʯ۾״ѿһСķ죬ȵС洫˳

Լ˵ģЦޡ

û뵽ģһСԭk֮ǰԼ˵ʱ򻹸Լ

櫰Сӱɸ״ĩŵİɡȻҲͶû

״ſᣬҪᡭ

櫰ѵk˱״ǵġ

ţôͼѣȴΰŶˡ

ỹǵһμòo櫿Żѩ׵Сӣʮ

˹ˡ˼£겻Ҫ𣬻ߣ

ķſɵõɵСһܵһ׿⣬Щ᲻ë޵ָУˣǵðѶתλ֮ӡ

֪֪ˡ˦˦ë޵СβͣӦһ£ġ

Ϊ㣬ҲŲĺðɡ

һѪ˻ĩŶϱڲԫϵ̦ŻɵգͷҲصؽͨ

ټˣλ֮ӡ




40.  Ѱ   ճˡ

ûҵ櫡

ţ˵·𣿻ɻ, ΪЧ Լ˷ͷжȡ̵ʱеҴ, Ȼط, ֻҴ, ȴû櫡

, ҾǵǸ𣿡һҴСؿ, Ǵ֮, Ҳ֪ȥˡ

õġûٶ˵ʲô, ֻǳĬذԸҴ˷ۡ

ȻһѰҡ

ұûҵ櫵ټ֮ԺͻȻһ

λ֮, ҹ𣿡ǵΪ졣

֪ĶΪѪڣԻ̺Ļͷһ, ʶʵ˵ڣʶ˲ԡ

ڵʵ, ֱӸ, ˱, ٶ룬϶Էھǡ񡱣ʵĲ²⡣



ֵԾˣkȻĴˣ

, ֪ȥĶ𣿡

̡šһ, , Ҫkȥִ֣³k, ꡣ

˵꣬Ͼһ

һţһʵķȡ

ſ⣬

Ҹ˾ķȣʵ

ǹİҲ֪kΪʲôҪ꣬kȻˣպþǡǾ˫̾

սķȣͳǲĲô͵͵ЦҵԸҪĲ

֪Ļʲô˼ɣ㿪ĵ׼ߣѴˡ

̵ȵȣ

ʲô£

Ȼ԰Ѻնͻȥ϶Ҳܰ͹ȥֳ˹ȥάɶ

󾪣ܾ̾ⲻУĩˣֻܴĩάɶ½ڻؼ˲Ǻô

kĵȰλ֮ӣ겻ҪţǼ⣬kԻؼң԰ѵôһǿߣһģĻأҪʲôûУαȥάɶڻ

㲻Ŀƣֻͺնһʲôں

ܸо⻰е֡

ᶨ㲻ùȰˣȥѾ˵棬ҿͨлл

յĲУ᲻ܰæ»Ƶkæ˵ˣİɣ᲻ܰġ˵ˣỹ£ˡ˵ͻˡ

ʶȭֽ壬ֺϽɿСذֽŸƽ
ããֽƤֽױ𻵡

Ÿӵ飬չš

װĳ磺
档
Һܸˣ㣬һֱɳ

ָԾ

źҲһֱ㡭

ẓ́ܶȼ֣ȴؿ꣬Ȼ֮

ңնҺܿͻȥ㣬Ҳ飬Ҳġ

ᶨĵĻٴκ޷ֻ֮ͨͨոϵµ˿ѰҺ

ǣҹҲûӦ

磬ȥϢһ°ɣô˯һţ׳Żͨ۾Ұܵɫǵص

˻Ƶصáޱϲؿţ׳һۣתͷȥɣȰˣзִ硣

ţ׳촽ϺϺüΣֻ˵˾䡰ǧǵñ塱תˡ

ʣ°仰ʽ˶
Ȼն㿴öൣİ

Դӿһ˻ȴһֱûп֮ţ׳оԼԼ˲ԤУò˼Ҳûеô֮󣬼з׷һĲ롣

硭òᱻ˦˰ɣ
ܰɣӢģ󣬻˻˦˻磿
ȻС

һsؾ͸Ԫļ٣ȴʲôæҲﲻϣ칦һϾͳݡ

ʱŴ£һϵϣȴЧϻܿڹװ

Цˡ

а㲻װϹҪҰˣ㻹޶𣿣

ػصķʽֱвٲҾͻ硣ҵʵѾһû˭ֹҡ

ЦַвȻһݵķĴĳkȫԲܻǸɴɱ
ڶģͨǴһν̸ĵkԹۣĵkɱ

һеĶͽĹעһ

ʱǰɣСôû˹Ҫ᣿ֻǲλ֮ӱܰдû
ͲĻܲһûһǻлɡ
⻹Ǳ͹һ޸磬ܲһ鶼ûаɡ
᲻λܸ֮ɳ¡

˵ԼȻûг

һһҹûг

Ϊ
̫ˣƵĶͽûʲôġ

ó׷⣬ḧһ£˻ȥ
Ѫȵ£ͲҪˡ
ķȣҲӦʥġ

ʲôûдڳ΢֮ʱ߳˻ء

ȥһ塣

ѾȾɫĺˮ޸̧֣ħӿ

䡪޴ıը쳹أ˻׸ߣ޴ĳصף˺Х׸ߵĺЯ֮ݺݵ򰶱ߣŸԶӿȥ

ۿһһħﱻ˳һһķݱХݻ٣޶ԡ

ĵһûеȵĴתȥǰһص㡣

죬ʮΪȻֺ

Ρ硭ʮȻֺ˷һЩҴ߻ء

ȻǸӡ

ûзӦô
䣬ǰĴ½

̶һ죬Ѿ߸˰ֺ

סˡ

굽ʲôļ԰ʮַŭ

ڳˡûkĳ𣬶ȥάɶҾͣ֡

Ѿʮ꣬յǸɬüѾó죬ļ米ҲÿǰѾǰǸСˡ

һǿꡣ

žܾҡЦЦܾңǰɱˣȻ罫ĩҪ˼

Эˣڻߡ

Ϊʲôʵ

ħʻֻնɱͷɥ
ΪȻвˣkòʷûõoɡ

΢ħʣ

šԱһ˵ȫˣʲôûгɳնɱܵġǸܸӵۺ塭˵Ҳ

ɫֻҪסٻҪ꣬նɱħʣȥάɶ

»绹ǲԸѵ͹һȵø𣿵ȥάɶԸk˵߸ʲôعҲеο˵ġ

ȫ񶼱Ǿ䡰նɱħʣȥάɶסûô߶߶ļ仰ֱӦ֪ˣ֮󣬱ȥ

˿Ӧ¾һ

á

翴ԶԼֵһλƹâȻʶճˡ

ն֮ټ




41.     ħɻ



, ͳƵĻԱţ׳ݸһļ

ķۻϣܿͳ˻һ, ҵҴǰͶ

翴һ, Űɡ

šţ׳ļ

, ףǽտ֡ţ׳׼뿪ʱ, ͻȻ, Ȼӳóһװеݸţ׳

֮ǰţ׳ϱһһ, ԴӺն, Ҳû

ţ׳ûнӣˣ硣֮ǰѾˡ

š粻ɷ˵ذ, ֮ǰˣǸǲΪҶıʲô

ţ׳̾˿, ӹУ磬㣬Ҫǰ

Цŵ֪, Ƿİ , ΪҲ, 

Уǻ磬Ҿˡţ׳Ǳ, ܿ˵ȻЦ, Ƥȴ, ȰҲȰˣûʲô飬ٶĻҲ˵, ֻܴŵĻļ磬Ȼתȥˡ

ţ׳ˣϵЦҲʧ

α棬棬ĬĬڡ

ˣˡв꣬ħʾͻͿȥҺնˡ

*

άɶ

ҪôҪ߾𣿡֮Ů񹧾ʵ

͸ƶ丩Ĵأ˼Ƭ̣ЩѱӹӪ߳ȥ׾پͱĹƻƫҲжᶨ

һ£Щеֿסûжģɱ

֮ŮͷӦǣ񡣡

ǣ½һΪ羫壬ͳ˹Ͱ飬ǰ񣬺ڰμ廹кܶ࣬άɶ½ǧδ忪ʼϴƣҲʼ»֣һʱ䣬½Σ

Ϊ׵ĺڰںڰ棬ͼϵkʧٵ

أڰɫ

ڰŭԼ̬ȣص֪kѾܾûϵˡ

Ǿǰ

ĸأڰɫˡ

ҲҲûϢоһ亹˳ԻɵԱߵɫ.ʹ˸ɫϣԷܿڰk

ɫ.k΢΢ʼ磬ʾԼΪ

Ϸô𣬵kϹ˲Żװȥͷ

ȥһĩʱͽˡڰܿ˾

ɫ.ǣϡ

*

ĩ

᳤ĿռԵʽָһ𣿡һ޵Ůס˻·˿

翴ÿ

Դӷ׳󣬾кܶΪòԼϯŮܾҲ٣ȻƶɧֱһЩ˳ȥȺ˲

һģءǻûմȥħʡ

᳤߰Ůβû粻ʡ

Ƿ۵ģӦ֪ҵĹأ֪ȥʱˣЭģȥ꣬ҡֻ˵һΣңԸؿһۣ뿪

Ů˱һۿüǷСԸͲԸô׸ѽ㲻Ը⣬еԸ⣬ߡ

ûٹܺʲôҪΪ˽ʡħӦĴս˲ȥˡ

ʮǰ

ˣħĶһֱʱ䣬һ̺



΢һ˲ŷӦʱҡN޵ϲһɽˡ

áȻֱĿĵضȥ

˸ոһĻ

֪ǣǰŸպϵźڰ͵ˡ

пλڰĿʮȷһѯĩı

ǳ飬Ϊk֪λڰѾȫڹ£k˵Ҫ˵ˣǰλo»ᵱߣܻڱŭ֮»ĩ

ǵk˱ݼƺйkǺͲˣҲ֪kȥ

ڰϸһ٣ŰɣɴԼſ½Ѱ

һûҵ

ﰵ˰Ѻ֪k׷Ϣķܲڰ񣬲ܵĻλ֮ӿܾҪˡ

ãڰûз֡Ź֡

ŨĹϢڰ־ŭkûиܵκһλڰϢȴŨĹϢǲ˵

ûһ𷢽oڰʵ

СԲ𣬹ᾡˣҪֻܹڰıӱȹ飬ʵס

ڰŭЦãããk˵ãһ

һ񣬾Ȼֱ߱

ᵱͲðѵkȥ磡

뵽ֻڰֱʹļףkԭ׼͵һ磬û뵽櫵ʵԤ󣬵ʣֻܰѵkߣû뵽Ȼѵk

ֱܱʣڻλڰڵóӶˡ

ٶ˵ڰ˺ռ䣬ϻȥˡ

kҪȥˡ

ôkͷӬһѰصkֻ˰ɡ˼ˣ뵽Լ裬ڰЩҧ

櫣ţ

*

տشţ뵽һ⣬ǿֹסĽŲͷȥ

ţ׳µĻظʾͻȻԱϢضһˣһ

磬զˣţ׳¸ʾͷ

㽻£ǺˡϧΪţ׳٣ܻ֮أbѧҵģȽо飬ƷҲ֡

ţ׳ԽԽԾôô񽻴£

ϣͿ˸ͣƣֻס죬˵ſڣ磬˰ҲûȻ

һӾ֪ʲôʧЦֻ̫࣬ҪȥҺնһٻˡȻԣǻǻġ

ţ׳㶵ûз

紽ǵЦ΢΢䵭ǰһûзο϶ԡûټ˵ȥֻǵ֮󣬻ؾͽˣҪúù

ţ׳ʶֱͦ壺磬ģаţڣܸε÷ģ

Цļ磺ã㡣ˣҡ

ţ׳ۿˣ·Сĵ㣬һҪСİ

Ҳʮָпİɣһġ

*

Nϲɽϡ

һĵŮ˹زɾǵѪԶһһĸߴˡ

ĿӥһŮˣȴ޷Ͽһ˿һħĺۼ

ĺͫʡ

µħʣƽصȻʾ䣬ȴ˿϶

Ů˽εЦЦĵ˵ǣŹ𣿡

ÿֶ˵ĺɻ绹ǲŤɬķȻħħ࣬Ҳˡ

û˵ֱó˾ܸоǰħʵʮǿ󣬺һ˾ż۷塣

Ů˼óѽһ㶼ϧء

翴ű߸ձʳɾʬ壬̵ЦЦ񣿡

ϻˣɡøٶ˵ֱӳ˹ȥֱָš

һߵάɶ½ϣҲһս

櫣ȥʵôǰˡڰŭЦſ

޹ء櫵زȥǵɼĺۼ

׷أڰտҲ˫֣ٲİóɾҪսˡ

ἴʹû׷⣬Ҳܴ㡣櫺ηӣֱӵkĿ⡣

ǣǾͿûʵɣڵ㣬ɲǵˣڰЦһ乭һ䣬ʮ֧ڰֱš

櫲Ҵ⣬Դ˫ַɿ趯ٿŹ֮ǰγһܡ

ʧȥ˰֮׷⣬ڵʵȷʵ缸ǰֻܺͺڰսƽ֡

׼ȺúϢһ£ָһʧȥһΰ֮ѪԪû뵽ڰôȥĩ࣬Ȼһ

Ǽƻϲϱ仯Ϊ֮ƣҲֻȫԸˡ

˫ֻӶ䣬ǵصĹԪ۳һ޽ڰ

Ҫսս

*

Ѫ⾡飬¶ɭɭ׹ǣһƬѪġ

㣬ǿħɬתתʣһֻ飬

ɾദվЩá

˵ˣʤһҡ

ִߣʤ

ĵصħʳŷģԼ˸ϥ ôԼˡ

ɲǱӱ櫿



Ѿնɱħʣڵһŵˡһ˺ãȲغ



Сôٶô죡

鲻ԸӦڡ˵̵꣬ؿʼϵ磬ٿռͨ

簴ס˷ܵ飬һڵͨԼǰ֣Ŀơ

ˣͨѿϣȥɡk䣬Ȳȥ

նˣ

ؿȥ·𿴵Լҵײ˹ˡ

k˵ʲôɫһ䣺ȵȣȥ

ˣkողάɶǱ߳˾ҵ֮ǰпǺڰ͹ˡ

oսĴ½ͷ򲨶ΪǿңͨȶɺܴӰ죬пܻÿٺõĿռͨƫԭ

ǡλ֮Ѿȥ˰

һˣһжˡ

*

սͨʱʶ̾һͨȹԣoֹģȶɲƬ̣ͨͳǿҵĻζ޷Щˤ

ô£ʵôռͨŪôһɻοԼ壬ǰУȻˣͲٳȥˣܶѣҪȥҺն

ѵڿռͨߣȴֿռͨʱʱ֣źӴ

ͷٸвӿǰٶȣȴĳһ̲òͣ˽Ų

бǰǿڣѾȫʧˣһĿռЯ֮Ƴٶ̫Ʒ·ڶߣҲ֪˿϶к³

Щѿڶʲộ̶ǿܳŵþһ㣬ŸսȻҪֱռϴ˾

ģˣӦôġ

ˣֻӲͷƤֿ

䡪飡粻пռҳʮԶ˲䣬֮ǰͰˡ

ԣҲҪﲻסˡ

ܲܶôôˣ

⻹籯طңԶǰĿռХ

ײǽҲͷˣһԼ˰ٰʮ󣬵buffһ˹ȥ

ͲţסĽŲ

Ƭ̺󡪡

䡪飡

ģܡ

ȳһѪһ۱벻Ĩġ

ǡ

䡪飡

䡪䡪飡

.屻е𣬻ޱȣ¼ʣһ⡣

ѵسͨײƲסƿȡ

ȿȣȡ̧ۿȥڵĿռͨѾ©ɸӣ˵ײطȱһϡһ飬һȥǸͨ

磺

ƴˣҧҧԼ֮ٶǰĵط˿˿ƵĽɫɫʹĵطƺЩ

Ѫڷá



֪˶೤ʱ䣬绹һۿͨľͷ

ʱģңֻʣһüӣѪ⼸٣ɭɭĹͷ滹մźѪ˿ȫԱɫݿֲƬ

˼ĿǰХĿռг˼

Ӳߣҿ϶Եյ㡣㲻ԽԽǿĿռݽߵħҲŲ˶ˡԣ취

תԺ˲ͷʱ۾һ

ˣ

ȻռԴԴϣɴһѣһúһ߼ǰЩﶼз֮ʵĪ滹Ѫǿļʡ

ħɻֻܶһˣѾûлͷ·ˡ

⣬ǰʱ򣬾ע˺ܶ࣬ڿռײϵʱסϢΪħͼͬܿ⵽˷ɣʹ֧Ųס壬ͨײ

˻ۣУвͨ´һ֡

뷨һһؼǰߡ

겻Ϣ
Ѫ⾡飬ȫϣɽˮҲ




42.  սڰ   άɶ

άɶ

, ȡ޷Ƶؿ˼źۼذӿϺڵѪ˻ȥȹãɢͷʮ, Ϸų, 硢֡ȫ˿, ˿̫, ̫ܼ, 鲻ոԼˡ

ĺڰҲûõĶȥ, һ¼Ʋ, ϱ鲼ŴСС˿ڣ඼Ѫ

ỹС˰, 櫡ڰüû׷⻹ܺսƽ֡

ֱͦ, ص˵ˣ䡣

ڰޱɱ˵̫磬Ҫ֪, ỹû䡣

˫̧, ٶ⣺Ǿɡ

һ, ٶȽ֡

䡪

춯صıը쳹أλʵo֣ʹλoһֱ֧ŷ, Ҳ޷ȫֵսನʱʱᱻһѷ, һȱ, ȻսನͨЩȱ˳ȥ

ɿάɶ½ľڼ, ɴܣꡣ

ЩʵǿȺ͸о˲˻󣬺ôסһЩͨȴ꣬ûдţǿʵ壬һ

ķݱ˷棬ںͷβĵ·ľƻ

oܣʬѪƯ֡

*

ֻǸͨèŸոճꡣĸĸڰǰǳƽмһҵȴȫˡ

ʱĸһ߱һ˵ãڣҵСȣҺû£Һû¡

ΪǮƶûˣһһƶϴó䲼ؽ԰Ƹ֣һҲ˹汣ϡ

죬ոսһƣ׼ؼңȴڿŵĵطһ¡

ǰͻȻһڵĿռУȻ΢΢һ³һߺͨͨĹͷӡ

һŷЩɫȫѪ

ţҲ̫˰ɡС

ͷƺض˶վ

һͽ˳㣬˭

ͷûлӦֻĬĬͷԼ

taȥȵطþȻѪ⣡

Ƭ̣Ѫ¸߹ǼܣǰһͿǰһŹװˡ

룬ʣǣάɶ½𣿡ֵƺܾû˵ˣһһֵġ

СĵصǵġȻ֪ΪʲôֱǿԲǡ

࣬л˵꣬ƺûͣ׼ֱ뿪

ȿһۣûܣżҵķȥ

Ǹֵˣ롣



ǹһĨŹֵЦڴϣڶһ˿̤ʵصİĸС

֪ԼռƯ˶ãֻ֪һֱͨǰǰǰк֮ܶͨ⣬Ҫ⵽ѹȣҪеȾ˺

ԼΪԼͦˣȴû뵽ҪֲסΣˡ

ĹǼܶ㱻ɢˣڰˡ

ͷԼ壬ʮ㡣

ﵽ⣬ϵ϶淨ĴܣѾ㲻࣬оһֱƿͻơ

Ѿӵʵoȣȱһö

ûϵȱһö񣬺ն޵ǺڰǾȥ߱˺ڰ񣬶ȡkɡޱ롣

һ·ˣһһʵʣڹӪͺڰӪôˣʲô仯𣿡

·һãȻؿ

С˭ô˵Ļ

Ϊû壬ظһ顣

·˸ãȻˣܾʵĻζη

һ㶣һֱԼԼеֵĵطˡ

Բ졣

ϸ룬ոǸС˵ĻҲȫһֻǡƶѡ

ֻػȥҸոǸС

*

ơ

һسͻȻ

˭úͰΪĸվſȥ

֨űһżΪ

ǣȷԼûˡ

ˣصˣ⡣ݵϰ˵ˣֻЩ˻ơ

ŶԭˣȽɡ˿úÿò½룬

ҡҡͷˣʼߡ˵ְ꣬ظһ顣

ؿ㾹Ȼ֪𣿰ǰºͺڰ´ˣ˵Ϊڰ񲻷µͳΣˣȻͺڰһܣ˫ƽ֡ںڰ͹Ӧöչȥˡ

˵ûɫԼۼһ

õԼҪ֪ϢòлȻ뿪ط

£еɵ㶼ˡ

ǰʱ䣬ΪoսӰͨűƯôꡣ

뵽⣬̾ͺ櫣뵽ڱչʱ᲻ôˡ
Լ
˼ȥڴ½ͣһʱ䣬ȥҺڰ

ȽڰȥҺն

*

绨һµʱ䣬˴½أ˽˸׷飬ͬʱҲԼڵʵϤزˣ׼ȥһڰ

ǣڰôüġ

˼Ƭ̣װڰĿͽΪڰ׼ʵ϶ܼڰ

˵ɾ͸ɣԼڷۣҵڰ٣ԴǿеΪһ걻ߣ˵ڰʴȿ񣬲κӣԺڰǿҵĳݾ֮飬ҪΪڰİЧ̷µĸ˹¡

ΪڶУԤѧõû˵¹±ĺ֮ܳⷬȥŶȴߣ˺ڰ١

ڰٵˣһǷΪڰ¼Ʒʸɡ

װ˳õģлˡ

ڰټʣϲط弫׳ܺڰ֮ҲдħʦʵǸһĴòƷ

һ˲䣬ڰپͼᶨҪ׼ڰͷ

ôõʣʲô׼ƷּƷ׼ʵһԸָ˵ܵõӴһֱߣ

ڰԽԽ޲ھͰѻ͸ڰ񡣵ڻУ׼ҪĶû׼ãҲֻǺ졣

ǺڰٹֵƫȺҪЧҺڰµʵ̫ˣҪŶӡ

ϹɵӦáȴһʲô

ʲô̫࣬ʲôҪŶӣǽڣڰɵǰΪƷ׼ڰõkָ

Ͼϴ֮ԭȫڱȫԾۼƺûʲô仯ʵȴʵı仯

ԭܲٿȫԪرڵȫԪҪƣڰԪҲһ

¾Ϊʼ׺ͺڰ֮ڰָ⡣

Цһ˳ӵˡ

*



׼һ£Ƚҩԡһ¡ڰָָһںҩء

ˮʺɫǲǷཹཱུݣˮڣһۿף˿

װηӵؿһۣȥû´

һ³ص׵ĽṹĵȻص׾׼ӾǸ۷ڳصס

ڰټȥص˵ͷ۽ü΢΢˷ֱܼҪڲס

ˣˣӽԺͿԳõ̷ڰˣ

ڰٿŻ磬Ĭһ

һͷڳرϣʡ¡

ڰٵЦЦˮǿƷñ׼߸Ӵû˴Իҩ׼ʵȥ˶˯ţ

ϧһ㣬Ѳ׼񼶣ǰЩҩ˵öûУ֮װ裬ݺڰٵ沿ƶϵġ

ڿ¶ˡ

ڰٱԳˮ˫ϥأ⵶ĿڣͷѪڵϻһķ

ʴȵĺڰ£뽵䣬ͽ׷ְɡźڰٵгԵĲһӰ֡

Ӱʵɺڰģ

ٻΪ£ڱ廹ڱչأڰ˴ֻǸӰ廹ںڰ

£Ϊ׼һ󲹵ļƷڰټβڶתѻָ񿴣ͷֻ粻֪ʲôʱѾվվڳ档

ڵĳˮ˳ʣʪһճ׳ı

׼ļƷڰͳȥϲŭڰظоkˡ

ʲôȥڰٵǳѾ˲ԣ˱ϾģڰҲٻģֻϣ˲Ҫ֦˾ͳȫ

ţƵǰڰ£

ڰĿؿްߣ

̹ȻЦˣǺڰ£ôʶҵݡ

ڰЦˣ֪ˣĩλ֮ӡһŨĹζżˡ

 ЦˣӦòµˡ

ڰЦһǵÿûˡ

ҲЦˣɿˡ˵͵طȽѾɵĺڰ٣ȻԲȭͷֱڰ

ڰһȭ̺ɫ΢䣺֮

⿴ȥʲôɶûеʵ޻һȭȻ̺Ũķ֮

ûӦ

ĸ˵ڵʱȭͷѾˡ

ڰٵģתڰסһȭ

ֲõսᣬе㱾£ľͷҲˡڰĮ

ֵˣá




43.  ⰵʧ   ڰ䡣

*



͵, ǹļ¸дӺζ

֪Ϊʲô˵ĸо񡭡ᷢʲôһ

Ҫйδ޷̽, Ѿʼ̽, ʮֱ˰ŵĸо

˼Ƭ, ֮Ů񣺡ά, 춯

ںĶ֮ŮͻȻ, һ, ֪ڱչصΪʲôҵkޡ, 쳣𣿡˵󣬵k

Ϊo, ֱ׼ûгʮ塣

춯ˡ櫲Ը˵, ֪Ϣ֮жϵ

Ȼ춯ӦǴɡϾ񱻵kһֱۣδһʱӦö˷ˡ

*

翴ǰɢӰ, ǹһĨ̵Цӣ

ϸһ͸Ĺ, һס˺ڰһֱۡ

ڰ󾪣ʲô, ˻ûк֮ǰӦս÷.

.ܣ˶˺, ñûõѩϼ˪

ȻǴ˵, ۽üҾ⡣

룡ڰȻŭ, ȴһ̱һֻƶؿڡ

ŵصͷԼؿڴ˿ڣӰɢ

̺˷֮, 롣

źڰ񲻿ŵĿ⣬ޱסkɢӰȻһ󱬣

ټڰ¡Цַ񣬱۾͸ոץסһƺڰϢȥ׷ٺڰıڵء

ڰ

ϵĺڰͻȻۣƿ˼ݳһ˿Ѫ

kȻı˵ˣԴӵ櫣kû˭ԹôĿ

ڰǳŭȴֲòǸǿҲӦó֮Ϊˣȫ¶Ƿ֮Ǵӷ֮е洴һ

Уǿĵ˲һ֣ڰӪͳˡ

ڰ裬һ˲ת˺ܶͷ

֮Ǿָʵ档

ڰ⣬Ŀչء

Ȼûãڰھͳһ쳣ĲڰһʱͲˣ͵شվŭ˾ôڰؽأ

ڰӿһ׵ĺڰ񽫣Χס˳ֿռ䲨ƵǸط

ԽԽϢ֮䣬ֳһӰ

ĸߴ󣬼ɾ䣬ݼĮʮֲ

λ֮ӡڰ˲˳

ڰ£ּˡѹº⣬شкΪͨڰķ.׷ٵǷ൱ʱ;һЩˡ

ڰ裬ȥ
λ֮ڵʵѾˮƽ˵ʮڰˣɰǧ򲻹Ȼ򲻹Ͳˣװ׸ԷͲˡ

µĺڰˡ

굹б£ȻѰڰ񻺲עǰȥʮˡ

޳طܵȫĶרעںڰϡ

ʵվţ͸ǿѹȸС

սᣬΪ˹񣿡ڰȥŶ֡

Ҳǡ˵սڰȷʵһԭΪ櫣һԭǣҪڰ

ֻӵܳΪŮһվ̳֮ϣС

ڰ۾͸񿴵ҰĺͿȻЦˡ

ǾɣڰȻվԭأС

Ľ

ûпֱʹѾõһС

ԺڰҴ⣬һٻ׷⡣ռ˰꣬ѽеϵ櫵Ѫ׵õȵϿɣѾܽΪʹˡ

ȶ˻һĿ⣬ֱڰȥ

ſƽƽĹڰȴеس֮ɫ

âȻ̺֮ͷ֮ˣȵkԤĻҪֵöࡣ

ǹƾֹԱƵkʹԨ

ڰ͵ʹһ˲ճȭȻɿ͵ǰһӣʱڹǵصسӿȥ;нǵڻ

ôǵǧoʵͨoǿ̫ࡣ

ԼĹƲ˲Ϣ֮㱻ƣɫ˲أ񼶵oҪܵkֻƴȫˡ

*



ٴļ£ۣһ˫˾ɲ

ô£ôļ£ȥͲܼչˣȻܻ߻ħΪħΣ顣

ٴΰ˶֮Ůζ֮Ů׼Ųæ񣬾̽鵽Ϣǰڰ.ǵĺڰǣһ첻ڰķ.ӭӵkٵĺڰȫʧ٣жϣɡ˵󣬵k˼ء

Ϊλжɣ侲ʵڰ԰Լķ.ջȥ

֮ŮȵĪȥֳˣսĺۼΪԣֳз֮Ҳķ֮Ⱥڰ֮ҪŨ

Ī֮.֡

櫳Ƭ̣֪ˣȥæɡ˵жϵ

ޱؿŹ׵¶˾ġ

Ҫȥһ˺ڰ

*
ڰ

絥ϥڵ棬סشڴشֻ࣬ʣɭɭ׹ǣҲһ󶴣סѪ

ڰ͵ؿĻָĿ࿴Ѿoʵ˶٣kԸڰӪڰӪһ걩ŭ֮񡣡λoλһλɡڰ뵽

ޱΡ

ڰϧôصˣħľһۣǱذɣαִԲ򡣡

ͻȻЦζǰڼѾǸˣôôء

ڰͷٸв˵ʲôͻȻһ𣬲ŵؿԼؿڴͻȻһѪ߲ڱѪʣʴŸѪ⡣

ǡԴڰ񲻿ŵصסѪͼʩźڰ֮Լˣȴá

ǵģڰǼʶ㡣¶һʵЦ

һʼ֪ƾԼɱ˵ʱͿʼռ۷ԴˡǺoͬıԴ֮߱ΪռССһŵķԴԵǻξͲŹأÿһαԴġ

ΪűԴ٣ԻֱӲѰʵʱڰࡣ

ڰû뵽k˵ʱ򣬶ԷѪҺ˴ıԴ֮ͨ䵽kϵ˿϶˵kkúڰ֮Լ˵ǡǡѷ֮Լ÷֮kҪȻһٱ

Դٸʴźڰ࣬һһʱѾʴ͸˺ڰࡣ

ڰҲάֲסԼķǱѹסԨĶˣƶƣǿվ

û뵽ûк櫾ʤȴµԼʧܣڰûб̸ܶǸɴسˡ

Ȼѡλ֮ӡάɶԺӦҲܳΪ׳ɳḳ

شϢ˼£ЦһʱĻָǿվ⻹ҪǰĿռһָõ˼

߲ںڰĴŰŰĵطãܿ죬ڰͱ˰͸

ἴߣڰǧŲࡣڰЦһһ䵭ڣڵ͸һͻȻΪɢȥ

ڰ䡣

˲䣬ڰкڰӪȫʵһ˲磬½ÿһطܿơйԵĻľһ˲ӭҡҷˣкڰԵĻľȴһ˲ȫή

ⰵʧˡ

Լ֪޾ֻۣݲݿ۱ǰһסƯڿеĺɫС顣

״һ侫ɵĶħźڽ΢΢ڶš

κ谭ס

ʯȴʤʯ

עڽɫС飬ЩеĻ㱸С

ڰ͵ˣ

˼Ƭ̣СطֳʣһƷԴסĺڰ˳üĽʶ

*

ڰһɲǣ櫾͸֪ˡ

ŵվ޷⡣

ŸոжϺͶ֮Ůϵ׼ǰڰ͸֪˺ڰɵĲ

ôܣ޷ţԼֻҪúָܻ꣬ġû䡣

ѵ֣뵽ԣü۱䣬ټλӪһͬǰڰ

ҪǺηʥ߱ɱ֮һĺڰ





44.     ҾĽ

Ƭ, һڹӪoͳ˺ڰ֮⡣

ǰ벽о˵ؽƣ˻ûк, Ӳ, Ʊػϼˡ

ǡܲ, Ҫ֪׷ʲô

ʱ, ڰԭѾή˥ܵĺڰͻȻʼѿ, Ƽ, Ϣʱ, Ѿ³֦Ҷïģ

ǡ𾪵ؿһĻڰػ, ˵һκڰѾǣôô죿

ͻȻ˲, ֮ŮССؾһ

櫻ͷһֺڰյĴ򿪣·ĦĿ, ڰոȷ֦Ѿ졣

櫿һƬڰڲ, ԥ, ̧ſ˽ȥλoԥһ˲Ҳ

, ڱԵkǵĸߴӰת, ¶һϤݡ

һʱ𾪵ʧ

ô᣿λ֮ô, һκڰѵ
һͷУһвᶼΪɣ

̰ע櫣ġԺֹεľ, Ľ𷢣ֱͦıӣĴһ˼ĺģ

һ䱦

֮Ůһؿˣֱӿ粽ǰ櫰뵲󣬶ž˻ߡ

λļoγѣ׷ǰѹں档
µk֪Թʵ豻kǻ޷˵ˡ

նǰһ

櫻ȻᲦǰļλoû£λʶ


λoŰɵÿˡ

Ļ磬ЦЦþò

ǰϴһǰ֮ǰȷʵѾȥܳʱˡ

ƴѹסӿУԼʧ̬þò

ںڰǧ࣬๦ŵõڰϿɣڸոճɹΪһκڰʶħȫ˲пϴ񣬲뷲̥

мΪ˵

Ҳ֪ԼǸǱӡ
ͺܺˡ

ô˺ڰ񣿡ʶ˺

˵Ժ˵ɡؾᣬͻȻϥ£ ϣֿ

װĹ£Ըģһ𣬳ʦͨѧףͬ󡣡

𾪣Ϊʲô겻Ϊ˱ͽ̵֮ҲˣϾڰǺ͹ͬߴڡ

ΪҾʰĽ飬ע櫣ú
ԸĸԼĸ顣

ڰ׶ԸԶ櫡˸ձִ֣櫵֣ӡһǡ

˲ľϦӵգں쳾

Ը깲飬ֻ곤ء




45.  Ļ   ıġ

ˣ櫴ŵϹŵĸߴ, 鸴ӡ

ڡ̧ͷĿƵؿ櫣еΡ

Χһo, ȫûϵ
kΪkս, ûҪĪһ칷, ¶²
һo鸴ӡ

, ﻹôoأ

õġ

ؿ, ƺװܰǹ⣺ԸĻظ

櫵֪ˡת, λԹϿϷo, ûȥˡ

λoϧӦõģ, Ȼϸϸ˻һ飬ˡ

֪kǺܺ棬뵱kǺʱ̸, ɴߵʱѻڴoһˡ

oǣء

翴ſһĴɫ

ûϵ, ն, ֻҪĵȴˡ

*

櫻ص, 񣬶ϣ˳˼

λ֮ӵ׷ﰡ, úôĩô, չŴ, ʵҲ˿ƥУ׷⣬ĩüá
α, α׷άɶ

櫳̾˿ʱڻϸܵŨķ֮ʮۡϴ֮ϵķ֮ôŨý˶ٴοռĳ

οడ

˵Ľ

ⶼʲôʲô

ÿڴ½ջһһİĽߣǵһҸ׵ġ

һʮĸо

ʮͷʹȱչˣԺͱһֱִݣһҲͣ

ԣⰵˣ޷һ
ܣǺ޸о͸һ
ԣĶʲôǰ𣿲㲻oû鰮ģ
ܣƨŮ񲻾鰮
ԣŮʲôˣ
ܣҲ鰮


ĬĬԼʩѹǿ˼˱չ״̬ʵǲ֪ôźˡ

ûãЩִٴγ֡

ԣ˱ɣǲжС
ܣˣҪжֶİ
ԣƱ磡
ħǲħɣħûκ밮˭Ͱ˭
ܣƺе
ԣħȥ

͵ۣڴں亹ʪ޷

ʱֻ羹Ȼһֱԣ֣ǵؿ

Ż磬Ϊʲôڹ֪𣬾̹ףҸ֪Ϣ쳣Ը

֮󣬻һֱĥλָ֮Ĺͨʱ𻵣һֱǻһź
ʱ䡢ʵȻȲ޸

û뵽޸þ͸֪쳣æ˲ƸϹǿƿƣ˲ûᱻĹˣһֱԱߡ

櫿˵ǵݺͺεĹУ΢΢㶣ͷͻȻɢˡ

ΪʲôͲأ
ΪʲôһҪѹԼıأ
Ϊʲôܴȥأ

һ̣ħԶʧԱܰһ𣬶߻ںϣȫµıԡ

మһɡ
һˣҪһɰģ

ǡ
á

类˵һŪһͷˮܿͷӦŶֿϲʵ𣿡漴ַԼҲܣӦˣɲܷڡ

һѱ櫣ԭת˺üȦЦ

С㡭֮ŮkǾϲ衣

õûϵҵ¾ͳȥkǽ͡

ҪͣҪ롭նλo֤ȽϺãȻ͵k֤񡭡˰ɣkͯȽϺʡ롣

ɫߺ죬ǻ֮ͺܺʣkһλѧʶḻo

õģھȥǻ֮񡣡ط櫣Ķͷӡһǡ

ңҸһ޽еʢ񡣡紽櫶ϣŵ

һε̫ˡ

ҲӦˣţõġ

ؿһۣ뿪

Ϸ·ȻĴУЩ

һжһоŵײһƮƮ

*
һжǻ簲ϵģȥ˲÷֮kרһ׶ƻɴͼ
ʮԼȤù㷺ƶѧʱó

ڸŬ£ⳡǰ޹˺ߵĻС

ȻÿæýŲմأǻʱһ櫣һȥܸصķ飬ͨһ

£ʱܿ͹ȥˡ




鲻ԸشһɫСӣͷϻһɫСñӣǸɫ򣬿ȥϲ켫ˣҲɰˣһŮɰԵk

סιס֣ͷ𣡰ˣˣ

֮ŮЦҲûϵѽǺܿɰԸޡ

ֻܻǸյãٹһʱܻˣ

֮Ůŵk˵ļ϶һץס˵k̵˳ë

ͯûT-T

ˣҪ۸kˣɡֵЦ

ǣ񡣡֮ŮɶԷһ̴Ҳû⣬ֻǶ櫵Цտ
Ҳ̫ÿ˰ɣ
Ȼάɶֵ컨壬Ǳ˺ڰˡ֮Ůϧ롣

մǺڰƣ÷֮ԲٵĻɴ߹쳣

һϮҷβȹ׵İɴڵϣɢɴŴĽ۹İǲһһǡôعճϸߣԵӯӯһա
򴦵ɴ֧ڼ֮ϣΪΣ֣ƺһҪչһӵϴɫ˿ֱϣɹţĲִ˵ϣβһֻС˽۹ϡ
ɴɫǰ׽ɫ岿õǲӽɫ櫵ķɫɫӦ

ͷϱŻ˽͵ķöȻͨ˵ȴǷ櫻Ǵˡ
ö櫻˹ĹᣬöĿһ޶ⶥڣȵش櫵ͷϣŮʡ
һͷӽɫβ˱̳΢΢Ļȣɵɢ˱󣬸˼

Ȼնʽĳʺʽɴ͹
羪޵ؿ櫣ⲻ֪Ҳھ޵ؿԼ

һֱ֪òӢȻ񰮣ڳʱһֱһش磬ҲûĵԼԵڻòһֱͣڱϡ

ֱһ֪ʲôİӡ֮ǰ˵仪Żȫ⣬ֱգ֪˻С

մһڵװΪҪĻɴ䣬Դڵý˽۹ĺгȥޱȡг˻絹ǡƽģ߽ʵ¶ļΪһ˫ȱΰڣ޳ޱȡ
ͷҲشǰޱȣ鷢ȫ̶סݺεչʾ˳

վں̺ͷЦԼ΢΢֣һְʿڵȴĹ

櫰ַŽԼֱס

̨֮ϣѧģǻִ֮ǻ飬Ƶĸ˾ׯϵڰ£ǷԸģڹ£

֣صԸģģ׶֮ģֻģ櫣񾡻٣𣬷֮ûùֱָӳƺ櫵ķ֣Ԣ

櫶ݵؿo˵ߵķı׼ˣΥԣֻأֱʧãã䣬дڹĺۼʧ

ǻ֮ؿ˻һۣȻû뵽κڰᷢ˶ģλ¶Թȷʵ겻塣
˶٣kֽͬĻһ櫣£ǷԸģںڰ£

櫺ԥԸ⣬˻һۣ֣صԸģģ֮ģֻģ׶񾡻٣𣬷֮

Ըıġ

õģɡǻ֮еǻд˼ʣᣬͰЦϲλϲԸλ֮ͬá

櫺ͻЦлǻµף

ӽǾķˡ
һ壬빲




46.  ƽһ   һʼǡ

ڷ浱, ɫ䣬¶ȡ

ˣŮ, Ƕ˵, ֻ㿴, ҿ, 

Ͼ, ǰλ, ܷбߴߴ, ʹѾ˻꣬˿ҷЦ

ʮ, Ѿﵽ˾ż۷壬˵ʬɽѪɱҲΪüŵʮĴ׳綼, ˵ˡ˵ƾλɱ֮Ҳû˸

˽, ҶΪߵѪ

ͻȻ, λߵѪͣס˽Ų

˺̽ͷһ, ǰվһŮҫĳµ, ı, һǵϡ

ֱӿ, ֱ۾ʹһ۾ŷԼ֪ʱѪᡣ

òŮѪ, ƺʶʲôһ΢ǰŮķɫҫ۶ȾͽˣֵĽƺҲˣ˷׷׻Լļ⡣

ĿضŮ֪ⲻǻþ֪ΪΣȫûܵӰ죬۾Ȼˡ

֪ΪʲôƺŮһʶĸоȷԼûм̶ֳȵòǼԲǡĵǹ˵ĸоߴţĩȴѹԺһİ˿ڣ˭

ŮãȻգգۣᡭҽ櫡˵ʶ¡

ĵĬĬ׽֣櫣櫣ܾһ֡ͷһ;˾ħˣȻЩеûġ

һߣ櫼װر˿ţʵϷǳΡǳû뵽ʮ֮·ˡ

εһ¡

ջǻȴΡ

ҽл硣ҽܵ· ʶ˵Լһ¡

Լжû˵ˣʮ˰ɡԳ룬ͷǹһˣû˵ˡ

գգۣջǿ˷߳ģ̹Ȼš

û뵽ôͳˣһ£Դԥ̽ҪҪһطۻأ
ĺ֣һŮͲԾˡ

櫳էԷŷԼߴһʱ䣬һȥ·
ǣԥ͵ɡ

һŮҪǻأ۷̹⣬޲ھʹյԱڡ

лվǰ棬ǲҡ

о˺ɧͶһȥȻԼĴ̣ߵԱߣº͵ص߰ɡ

˿ߵķ粻ǴѼʵôճͻȥˡ

ȻԹӢѹ˹ء

Աߣظо˽ţҵ̫һۣźۼŲŲøߴΪס⡣

櫸֪ĶԵؿ˿Ҳ⡣

类ЩΣһϲ

ĵе֣ϵõġ

ߣͲԾʼûһǴģ

һ˼һ磬½

磺ªƬ½֣

һĬʵĸҵģ

ֵؿһۣҲκιҡ

磺κιң֮صľ

оŮϵɵԽԽˡ

˼ⶼûеóȷ𰸣֪ԼӦȥˣ˼ҿܲ͸¶ЩϢȴٴγǣ飬𣿡
˵Ǻ˽˵Ϣһʣĩûǰʱߣĺ֪⡣

עһƺŮһˡ

һãȻʲô

ĵѵԺƫԶĵطô֪͵ǰµ˼

Ŷԭ櫺ܸɴصûС

۾
һֱŶ۾Ҳܿˡ

翴ȥԶŮ˼лǰ϶ֲˡ


ǸճãߵĲԶԺܿ͵˻ء
˻غ󣬻ɢˣȻԴȥ˻صǼסĹԱԼڵӡ

ԱǿаסԼĺĺʵʵصǼˣĿԶȥȻԭرĵϣ޲Ѹ»һˡ
ÿǶôҸһ°

櫰ظڻԱߣܻصĻ

ʳԴֲϵĸֿʳֲˮˮϵ߸涼ҪģΪԴ޵ԭÿտˮʱƵġ˶٣˳Լ˽ģˮãȱʣңҾסڡ

òллӦòʳòˮҪлǰӢ˵ĺ⡣

ЦЦû˵Ȼ̫š
ûֳ

ˡ쵽һС¥ͣȻָָԱ߽ŵһƵĶ¥סĵطҪʱҡ

õģллòлòغͻ˱׼ȥʱסˡ
֪ԿҪôʹá

׼ߣͷһɻͶȥһͨйؼ

櫿²ʹоƳĿɷֹϵܵƻԿס
ڻûڣΪ˼

һ˼ģװͻȻʲôһ櫵ҺˣоԺ˵Կһѻˣѣʵڲ˼ҿһ𣿡

櫺ɵؿֱոյ⼸仰滰νⱾҲĶɾذԿ׵ݸ

ӹԿף⻺Կ״˴ţʮעûڵ櫵ߣʾһź󣬲żװյҼǴˣѡ
Կ׻櫣ͷȥԺɣԿ׻㡣

õġ櫿ڣ˼ɵЩЦãԼвĶȻˣһţǶԷϸܵů⡣

ϵлл

Ϊˣתһ룬˼ҿֻллĴ·ͽ⣬ǿװ򶨵ÿ
ô˵ĶȴȻһĨΣܿͺˡ

ע⵽Сϸڣûжʣֻòٴκͻ˱𣬾ģոյĶԿ״š

һţһɻҳ

ת׼ߣⶰӺܾûɨ»кܶң˻ÿһĻʶǰͷ˷ϵܣɻҳ˷

櫸׼֣ǰͶһߴ׳ıӰĽǶȣֻܿԷʵĿ󱳡

߻ҳ󣬻תǸεǸҿǲܣⶰѾܾûдɨˣҵķｫһ£Ҵɨɾסģܿġ

νô鷳㲻鷳סҲԡǰסĹᱻŮסںסҲνˡ

磺ֺ£
ǿпԼʵ뷨ͼȰҪٺúÿһ£ͬסӰ

򣺡㲻ԸǾˡ

ʶѿڷԸ⣡

ɻؿ˵㲻𣿡

ĵΪ㿼ǰԺҪúñҷ櫣û˸ƭˣεҲ⣬Ȼû⣬ԺǾˡ

Цؿ櫣΢΢֣Ժָ̡

̽ԵذַŽĴĵǺеࡣ
ָ̡

õЦˣʶغ£ƣȻϷſζŸոһ˲ĴС

ƺۻĴС

櫻Լ¥ŵ˲Լɾ򣬲櫲õĹ۸С

ָһ¿һ¥̨Ⱥ䣻¥ңֱԺͿԣ䣬һ鷿һС鷿һ佡һ¶̨

ȴȥЩطϤһ¡ĵʵҿֱӰԸסԼ̫ŵ櫣ֻϧؿסԼ

ЩܶҾ߶Ǿоģʺʹá
櫵ĵһ۾ֱһҲǸߣȴ޷͸ĵȼпǶԷܱԴڲϢʵ࣬ɱĸ֪һֿǶԷʵԶԶԼ

ƫڵһֿܣϾѾǾż۷ˣǿö࣬Ǿֻˡ

𣿻糰룬һͿ̿

õġ櫹ɵӦˣ֪ͣͣ͹һ¥Ͷ¥ĵط

Ըסڴ𣿷ģԺԲֻ࣬ǱһС鷿ѡǴԣ

櫵˵ͷԸ⡣

˿һ¡Ȼܿûһ˻һԿ׽櫣ЦŵǴԵԿס

ֽӹٴòлл

˰֣ݸһЦѾˣ㲻ô

ҲЦˣõģѡ




47.  ƽ   ĩеܰա

ڶ, ˣһֱԻʳõѵ³һ緹

Ϊʳļª, ֻ˼򵥵ذС, 

ú, ʱ, Ѿ˵, ȥ¥Ͽһ, 櫵ķȻա

ĵ˰Сʱ, Ȼ̽Եһ䣺櫣

û뵽̴˻ش𣺡ڣôˣ

Ȼ󲻹գ۵Ĺ, žͱˣһžճǰ

ң, ҪҪ緹һŮһԷ͸

櫸˵Լýʳ뵽ߵʳϰ, ֳĬ, , õģлл

һ𲢼¥翴ģ, Ѿһʱ𣿡

ĵֹһʱ, һû˯, ȴš

һֱڷ治𣿡ίʵԼҵķǺģֻļҾ, ʲôûС

櫺̹Ȼصڿķ羰ĿܿĵطԶ㣬˵ʶ鿴ˡ
һ϶ڹ۲硣

磺Ĵ治ֻһƬѵ԰
һСƬܿôʱ䣿

˵˵ţ˾ߵ˲

ţȥʢ

ֱʣܾˣԼԡʢǻģǰڱĴ½ʱҲɫ

˳һ櫵ɵۡ
ʲôû

һֱڲɫع۲櫵΢飬΢΢һ̵ɣԵһ£ϾͺãҾ֮ꡣ

˳̨ˣлл鷳ˡ

Цл

Ȼ櫾ͳȥˣſʶͨʶ۲һһ֪ôõġ

ʱͰͶ

櫳ɫͻȻ飬ʵ𣿡

Щɬţ㳢

櫿ͺܺóԡ

ȻڻڴĿгһڣЩȣλ֮Ȼôóԡ

ǵģڵһμʱϳλ֮ӵݣԷ϶һ޶ķӡʵ̫ˣ벻ע⵽ѡ

ŻڴĿ⣬Цܺóԣպܰ

û뵽һͺܻߵģԴѷ磬λ֮ӻķˣ治֪ĩǰʲôζ

ǰǳʦ𣿡櫺ʵ

ʧЦǣ֮ǰȥѧʱԼһסʱѧ

Ե֡ûܹͳսóԵķˣ츳ѡ֡

ЦЦٴĺˡ

Ц
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Թ󣬻벻ȥڲ䡣

ˬӦɡ

һ·ϣ˱߱ģ署˺ܶؽʱȤ£ǻһֱûȥദʮǢ

Թ緹󣬻ѯǷҪطϢЦűʾ粻ùԼһ˴

ȻӦʣȻô˿г˻أֱ̳

Ůôûкÿ·ͺÿء롣

ϵʱ櫾յһ·ЬӺΣЩൽܰˡ

櫣

һƮģ͵ǲļɡ

һ񡱣櫻ȻԭҲַס

ϵллǱʾѺõ˼λ̫֮ˡ

˵˲ôģǲô

΢⻹ǵһ˸˵ѣָо档

Ȼ˵öԣѡ
˵һѡ

ǵڶ죬櫵ݸһʱ򣬻һãȻ

ʲôСɾ£Ůĵⲻ͸İɡ

͸ѵļ񡣡ö

Ȼ
ؿһ˵ԼҲͦɰģң͸Լĵһﰡ

ߵ̬شϵлл

ֵЦˣ㲻˵֮䲻ôô

ҲЦˣ˵öԣǸ

˫ֱգգۣиŶΣջҪҵʱ򣬾ҡҡҡҡҶܸ֪

صΪλ֮Ƶһߡ

ڣųʶ󶨰ɡ櫼

õġųʶ̽Եֺ׾ͽڲռ䣬Լľӡǿ֮󣬾Ͷ櫵ˡ
Ȼô׾Ͱˣ롣

ǵģĵߺװ󶨵ġ櫵

磺

֪ʲôɫҲס

ɻʶ𣿡

ľռ棬ܸҽʶ

Ȼ򣬸ϽѾ˳
ΪԼǰ.أĻϲ²ͱ¶ⲻУ

ȹ̣ڻ㱩¶Լ˼

Ȼشʼ˺һŮͬϢܿʹء

¼Դǻع֮һţ׳һһˣŵȴһûƯá

ţ׳ʱ̬ͱˣͻʶʮ꣬ŮͬӾȻȻ

Ưò˵ȥˣʱŵȡ

ţ׳л㱵ؾܾˣ˵ãֲһ䣬˵벻Ҫ߻磬櫴Ӧ֮뿪ˡ

Ȼл㱵Լסĵطȥ;һˣ˿״̬̫ԣôˡ

Ȼţ׳һưл㱵ؾͰذը׸ˣ˵ըѡ

ͬ־ը⽹ۣץһʵǲġ

ţ׳ץһҡ֮Ȼѣ˲ɱ˸ոǸưԼ죬죡绹ûйţãֱӰϢй¶ˡ

ǣţ׳ϵûе£ˡƴҽڲȣ˵ǻظһСӣ˵ҶˣͱһܿŮͬˡ

һţɱˣҸոն˵ˡ

ţ׳ŭưˣΪ̫Ļˡ

ζļ磬ˣװˣʶʮˣС˼ң

ţ׳˲ήˣȻ֪ƭ˾

ѼӲ˵ûоûУʰˣɶҲãˣ£ˡ
˵ͷ֣ǵˡ

ţ׳ĶӵıӰ̿

ӣʲô¶дˣ˵˶ٱҲεҡҡͷƵԱסĵطⲽȥ׼ǺȺȲ裬ĵСϢ

ǲú󣬻ϢĹȦ

Ȼ֪µʱͬѾ顣

磺:)ǵġ

СϢԴͷţ׳ȺȻǺ󻰡

ڵĻ磬Ŭˮˡ

նȥɽ𣿡Цؿ櫣õʵ

һµദ˵Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ櫰Լһ˽ָ˻磬⼸һֱŸ߶õ顣

ˡɽճ֮櫲ٽֻˡ

еˡ

鱻Ҳ٣˸ʵȥ𣿡

Σ櫺ʵǺһ˼

ǵģȻĩ˺ܶʤżҲбġޱԼǰۡαȥٴص㡷飬ⲻھó

ѽǺϲģȻҲ·ĩˡ

ͳɡѸټƷʳ·ȱƷռǣȫõģǿԴһЩϺ߲ʲôģʱҰȻѼһЩɹ˪֮ĻƷնӣҲӡ

Ҫ֪뷨ôѷ裬ĩôΣգ洦ɼ߼߼ħ˭벻ȥΣյطҰ

ȻǸңңĻȫ

ż۷岻Ǵģһδεƴɱƴġ

õġ櫴Ӧڴ֮⡣

ͻദˣ·˵ʽȻ֮ϵһһָ߸ϵУȴһ˿˼̻

䣬ȥ׼бرƷ˵ɾ͸ɣ櫴кͳˡ

ź󲻾þţ׳ĵãͽס

׳ҪȥһˣܻͦʱŻʱؾȫȨˡȻϲ˵ʮʶʮ֮õˡ

ţ׳źĻ磬һưʶͺˣҪϱȥͬˣǿɲһǸŮǻϱˡ

磺ϱ

ĶϱտڣʶʲôɫŹֵʵնˣ

ţ׳޲øԼһӣСصҪ˵Ǻסһλǰˡ

üʲôʱģ

ţ׳ͣǰá

綢»ж֪

ţ׳Сˣֻ

ãڹ㶼֪ˡ綼ҪЦˣû㹫أͱ.ˡ

ĥź׳úùأһٺˡ

ţ׳˸񣺡ǣ磡

ˣˣ¶ء罻֮󣬲ٵֱ˲Ƴ˻ء

ٵѼһ

̵ؼƻţǲԾ۽üҶŴ⡣





48.  ƽ   ̹+

һվϲǡ

ϲǾb, ܿܵ

ꡪԽҰ̥ͣĦ˴̶

ˡ³ѸƵһ֡

櫼ֲֵذִȥ, Ҳ˳

ʱȥɽʱ, Ҳǿȥ, ÿ³ʱ綼, һʼڸ, ڡѾܺش³ˡ

žϰߵɡ

˻ǰ, ߱߸櫽ϲǵʷ, ȵȣһЩ֪ʶ, еܾȡ

һĹңǧǰҲܽ˺ΰĹȺ

ϲǣͣȥһط, ͣͣһ࣬˻ɽ󴨡

ڴڼ䣬˵Ĺϵչ, ֪ͨ, оʱѾ, Ըо櫶̬ȱ仯һʵʱʽס
ڵĹϵ, ܾ, ಻ǱΪͨ, Ļᡣ

ڼƻŸʱͻȻһ¡

һƽƽϣ֮, ԺͻȻһ

𣿡

磺а̣

һ£һܿͱ櫷ˣദ˹ϵѾʮУĵʵ磬ôˣ

糯Цһ£û¶ոտˣΪұߴˡ

ޣõġˣûٶʣÿԼ˽ȥ֮ǰЦЦȽȥˣҲϢɡһֱͻͬͬҲ˺һϰߣÿ첻ʳ˯

ЦŻصõģ



翴櫽񣬲תԼ

Ժʵ˭

ǱðһĪػ(&%#$&((*^$##$$%^&**)))

Щƺ̺һֶû塣

磺𣿡

ǱƺڻعҵȻΪλ֮k˵Ļkлԣгͨ

磺Ǳ߸òǸɡ

ǱһׯϵǱǱλ֮ӣҴҴ߽µļ԰;޴ʵҲﵽ۷壬ݷʶԸ񡣡kû˻ܾջ

û뵽

Ըɴ

ΪʲôӵмΪǿʵͬ٣

磺ԸǲԸֻһֻǶԳ޾įĻԸ⡣

ĵλ֮ôôᣬȴڿȰ˵֮ܣκԼ

練ʵܴһһ𣿡

ʲôΣȻСޣֻһ

ҿ԰͸𣿡û뵽λ֮ӹŹֵ뷨ô࣬Ȼתǰײˣ;ͣ

ȻСkٴζȻܾ

Ǿˡ

ֱţһ㲻ĶȻĻ˶Գ޶ԣ

̹ϵ˵ȫĶǼٵģҵбȳҪĴˡ

ȫ벻ͨʲôܱλȰ˼ȴܾ߳ŭһ䡰Ȱûؿǡ֮ߵˡ

ЦЦ˵ơ

λϿɹ󣬰۸߰

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Ȼûã櫾յ˹֮һ֮Ů񣡺ڰ췴ˣ

櫣֮ǰոڰһܲãӮˣڰҲˣôͻȻ췴

֮Ů񣺡ڸոգڰͻȻΪвһ߱⣡ɣӪֻܴڰ¡

櫳Ĭһ·ˡ

֮Ů񣺡˵ѽ͸궨λ

櫣ԭ֪Щo軰ʱҲˡ

Ŵ֮Ů񷢹꣬ԥһ£Եȣ¾Ƚ˵Ľʯ󣬺ڰʱƲ

֮Ů񣺡ǣ񡣡Ϊʲôڲ

жϵŤͷڿĻһҪ㡣

ͷһĵѵҵļƻ𣬲ܰɣǱ͵͵˺ϡеĹָġ

һ˿飬ٵʵҲˡ

ĵͲ³ˣһ֪ʲôᣬԲǱˡ

櫼һ񡣡

ûɣ̫𾪣͵ض£ֱƫ·棬һԵɽײȥǧһ֮ʣ͵طǿаѳŤ˻

˵ʲô˵һ飿ѳͣȣŤͷ櫣һš

櫱ôֱؿţ֪ΪʲôоһЩȻ˵һмҪȥԺ𡣡Ϊİѻ統ѣԲŻҪ

绹ǲţ˾Ȼ񣿣

лᣬһġһθܵ˲ᡣ

ȵ Ҳ˲úϲʣһץס֣ҧڣһ̹׾Ҫߣ

ʲô

ǸεǸΪԴܳʱģûô˵ҪˣǸ

缱Ķ

櫵άɶ½硣˵仰ƿ˻磬³˻һۣͽ˲֪ʱֵĿռѷС

ʶҪȥܿͷӦڵʵȥﲻʲôæֻܶסŲ

ͻȻһ⡣

ڲڣ

ܿӦڣͨˣ

ᶨţҪ񡣡

οͶˣھͰ㡣

˵꣬ǰͳһɫ͸ĲС飬Ҫ߲ʹâתܶ޷۾С顣

ʲô񣿡ʵ

Ҳ֪ں˾֪ˣûϹλȡں룬ԽᶨɹתĿԽߣȻľλˣҲǡţݣ࿪äС

ˣлл̽Ե񣬴Ҫôںϣ

׵ķǰͷѪνȥȻþʶ϶¸ȫ已̥񡣡

ϵллȻ˵ķʼںϡ

ҪΪĬĬаɴóذ׿ʼȡͷѪ

*
ֱӻ˹

ʱѾۼ̬İλo

ڰĶһ֣oĿⶼͶ

Ĵ֮Ů̵档

֪ˡ΢΢ףſȥ֮oͬĦֺһ׷ÿ

ߵſڣһӣűԶ򿪡

ºڷĺڰȻվڵ⣬һڰ

ʲôüס֣oɲ׷𡣡Ҫ˲ңӭƻ衣

ڰĮȻһˣ껹ôkЦһƾʲôڰһֱҪѹһͷϴû׼ãʤοɲˡ
˵꣬kһ䣬һڵk֮ϡ

ǺڰİԨ

ɫ꾡ԡ

˵꣬һͨķȾͳС
׷⡣

λҲ׷óԼİ

սһ




49.  ƽ   Ұ㣬塣

, 絥ϥأ˴صĴϢʹսȭͷ, Ѫ˳ָ˳, ڵ, ݱŤ

ʹʹǱҵ, ȫ, ȫѪ, ڽһ, ʹ޷ܡ

ԹһĻҪΪ, Ҫҵʹ̥࣬ǣΪ

֪˶, ͻȻоһᣬһůȫոջʹĵط, ڿҧ

ָоҪƷ, ˽ֱ۴һ鲼, ֹҧͷ

ȫžʹĸоڵ, Ծس鴤, סԼ, ˵ססһҪס

ǹһô, ָоȥ罩סָ֪֫

ͨ͸泩Ψһ뷨

ȫѪ⡢·𶼱ܣں

ϲϲɹں񣡡ĩֶһλkǲǿԡ

緢Լ̺Ļˣ꣬˵ģǣʲôԣȻʦͨԣ粻̫յʵ

ֺǺǵ

Ȼԭˣֲû̺

Ȼᡭ

˸ͷվлҪˡǸϲĸ˵

Ҫȥĩճ𣿣

̹Ȼȥάɶ

ڸ飬һΪ֮ǰ

΢㶣˵ǽ𷢽λ𣿡

ǵkԸʱȻĹһ𡣡kʱ͸оԼҵλ֮ӱܣû뵽ǾȻˡ

Ȼ֪ҾͲ˵ˣҾҪȥ
һ˵һ׼ԼǱȴԼ֪ʱһĻΣ߻Ưһʵˮ

ʲô

鲻Ըؽ͵Ͱkû뵽ԼỮˮ޳Ҫܣͺһ㲻k͡

л羪ȵӹˮ򣬴һ˲ԺԶֳ֡

Ӣ

ͻȻָ⣺ܲܳһ£ǴһԳӢ

겻̯Ӷᣬᵱɳ
겻Ҫ

kȻܾ

ϧǺðɡ

Ӣռ䣬֮ͨϵȷάɶλ꣬ʹ˿ռͨ

ĵǵûҪܰѹҲͺˣһλλѪ׬ټһkλ
Уܻᶯ

˾С

küƻǻͷصӦ֪ˡ

˵ʹ˿ռͨС

*
顪
һ޴ıһµӰݺײ˳ȥ

kսİȥǵѪص˿ܽ˲ˡ

˿ܽǴ֮Ůķ

֮ŮǱվЦֻ͵Ϯô

ɫսȻĶ֡

֮Ů¾ЦԿ

ս֮ɼӪoѾڰӪoսһţʱoͻսನˡ

룬һƬط˳oսʶԶط



һײһ𣬱ը˾Һ;޴âΧoǷ׷ױܿ

ڰ櫴ݳѪſص櫣껹ӣһû䡣

ĿŵkʲôڰͻȻǣڵʵѾǿо֮

뵽ڰһֶΣͷһ䣬ѵ

׼һƬ½飿櫺ʵ

ڰ΢΢ףôͲ³ˡ

ŭΪѵ𣡡

ڰν 赣ЩƲᡣ
k櫣һĨЦҲС

ʱռͻȻ˾ҵĲһɹһͨĿռѷͻȻ֣һߴ󾫺Ӱд߳

˫ĿӰŵ૵磿

һ磬͸ܵ˼Ϊҵײ˺ռ˹ĵһ۾Ϳˡ

ڰ䱸ؿǰˣϸܵв

˭

תŵkźۼذ櫵󣺡ĩѡ
÷ǳ߳ܣǴʱ˿ҪԱš

ڰüĩkؿŻ磬Ҫ¡

ЦˣΪ˶¡ĳϣٻ˳Ӣ

еĻټᣬ˰ɡ˺ڰ󼸾仰

ڰɫΪѿҪ
ǰȻǸոյãҲʵΪǿǺ֣kذɡ

ңͨڷΪڰܿk櫾ǾʶȻôŵk

鷳ˣԭʤľ˱ذܵĽ֡

ڰް

ԥ˵Ҫսս

oͣ˹ȦвֺڰӪoѾ¶ɫ

ڰɨһȦ Ҳ㣬ɫ֪Լֲ˺ãΪõkԸ͡

Թɫһ˺ڰ۵׵Ķҡȴװ޲ӷ˹

ģһ

Ȼźڰ˸ʱըھն˵k

ڰܿһ׷˽ͣСô񣬽վɣkҲͣ

޷ŻΪԼͺڰϣҲս֡

ԶĴ֮Ů񳰷Σ껹Ҫ𣿡

ģںڰ£⻰ʴˣ

˵꣬һĹֱ崺֮ŮҪȥ

֮Ůæȥŭڤ粻飡
ô˵kȴ԰һ˿֮⣬٣kּʹǽͷݣıģ˭õkѹ£k϶ҲԸ⡣
㻹еŵ㡣

ɲΪ顣֮Ůĵ

kҲҪȥ


˻ļ룬սֺܿ쳯һ浹ķת

ڰǱ³һѪƿȼжٻٴαһĹмϼˡ

ķͷͿٴιֱҪk

ǣվɣҲҪ汳ڰһٶرȣŭʢǲܣֱȥ

櫿źڰƵ˫ͷ󾪣ߺҪԻ٣

ҲѷֲԣɴʱѾˣĺ櫣ܺˡ

ۿڰѾǰһҧ϶ѵס˺ڰ

ûע⵽ǣһϢڽ

䡪޴ı쳹أoȫನ˻صˣԻΪأѪⶼըûˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ

š

ҲܾԼܻΪڰΪԼɡ

ͻȻԺиоһΪ΢Ϣ
ϢʮϤһƵǻĲ²⣬ǣô᣿

ǻʯһӲػתͿ˰ƶ֮ϵ櫡

ס˳櫶ȥನǶԷһ˵ӣֽ˿һӡ

˲ϸԼˣʵҰ

˼壬Լ˫а󶨣ΪԷеһ˺ܶԽߣɳ˺Խ󣬵ֻܳеٷ֮ʮ

šѾû˵ˣֻǿ

ո˲䣬й񴫽ͨǿþ񴫽ɾ󶨣е˲˺ʹľ˺ԲŻӡ

촽ûҪôġĸԸΪ

ǿһ΢ЦҲǣΪҺˡ

Կ뿪ʱ᲻ᣬ׷ʱʮ־ϲվʱᵣǽơ

ǧһγ鰮ζ

类޴ľϲһͷһʵ𣿡

š櫶΢죬۽޵ʹ΢΢ۣһȴֱ̧ۣӻ磬Żɬ

Ҫˣ޲ð櫱תǧŰپʮȦն̫ˡ

֣صҲ㡣
Ҳ㡣

ߺԺͬʱ仰΢㶡

ǰΪ˹ߣϥ˵ϡ

ԼƵ˼ǰؿ櫣ɤҰ㣬塣




50.  ƽ   ֮ϣΪ㡣

, Ǿٰһ˫Ļꡢ巢ģĶڶԷ

֮, Ϊ㡣

*
, 櫻ȥһĩ, 򵥵ؽһЩ, ׼ȥ, ˡ

ǰ, 櫻ţ׳ǧֽ, ¾ͻһʱյϢæ

ţ׳СĶصպ, ףԸͬġ

뿪ĩ֮ȥ磬Ʒ, ȹ𣬼ΰŮ͹, ʹ羡ͷĺ, ̤ɳĮ, ʶʤ

żȻһ죬յţ׳źš

̸˻ȥ˰׷Բԡӵţ׳

µ߿, ΡΡŹӭȥ, ն, ˡ

ͷᣬû뵽ϴһʱ绪ïֵܱ⸱ģ

ţ׳òģƲ˵, ûев֮Ϊ˻Ȱ裬ִָΡ

ʵҲûʲô¡ţ׳һ뵽ʮǰȥϰͺ֮ܶǰ˵ֵܣǸоԼ޽ˣٿǣôˣҲû翴ûйĺ񰮣ѻشúܺá

綯ݵķǳáʱע⵽ʮ˶æµܸܵ͸¶
һ

ţ׳οؿ񣬶һ۾Ϳ֮۵ķΧʮָ̾

ããµľǻԶһˣΪﰵ̽öΣܿˣ󶼱ܾˡ
֪ˣ˰֮ĵΪеˡ

ڿ֮һ統꣬ϻο

ͻȻԸԸȥҵ磿ҿ㳤

άɶٵ弫࣬Ϊţ׳תάɶ׾١

˭ϣţ׳ȴҡҡͷˣһٶ꣬Ѿˡ¶ȺͣҰĶӶߣĸﰡ

ĬȻ

һ˼վʳָţ׳ͷһֵָĽ˳ָûţ׳Ķͷ

ţ׳Ķͷݸֳһɫ·ֺܿʧ

ջ֣»ص£ոոţ׳ʩһ߼ףٻʮꡣ

ţ׳оȻһᣬ·ʮ꣬ؿ櫣վ˸ллն㡣
ףĸоһ櫸ոʲô

հʱͰ

л˵

ţ׳ƺ뿪˵Щʲôֻﳤ̾һ磬ն㣬뿴Щı仯𣿰ȥɡ

һʮ꣬Щǹô֮⣬ƺֻйػصĻó˵һ˵ˡ

뵽˵ؽ£ҲЩп櫣նԸȥ𣿡

Ը⡣櫵ǻĹޣ뿴

һڻڣţ׳˵

Ƭ˵أֻڵʮ֮һ󡣡ţ׳пǵãʱͦ˶ɼȦˣӲֲ˹

£ЦԼȥԲˣ޵ԴҪá

ĬĬ˵һһֻƬƴճ֪ûвĹȥ


ڻǵ˷ֱһա

ţ׳ۿ΢죺һ𣬿¾ٲܼˣţףλͷϣͬͬġ

ס֣֣صãҲҪ塣

ĬĬõģף念˳졣Ͼţ׳죬Ҳûʲô˵ֻף䡣

ţ׳ۺ᣺

ɿ֣һˡ

ţ׳ᣬȴ

һۣ櫵ת뿪

һ꣬ټ




51.  һƽ1   ĩС

ǻΪĩĵ졣

ĵھŸ硣

Ľֵ, ŲڶĽ

¿ʱװ ŮʿǶɣ
ʵĻ޵һöֻҪһң
ȫóԵĹɳһͭңһң


棬ڶ̯λϵƷ, ĵ

ʱάɶ硣

֮ϵĽŮŵ˫, ɨ·

o񼶱ġ
kάɶʲô

Щɻ, Ȱ, Էʲô, ޶, kȥɡ

Ҳǵһoˡ

*
һ, ˾أ׼뿪صʱһС⡣

·һƫƧΪ峺ĺʱ, һλĸڴĺӡ

飡İ飡λŮɫǺ죬ִһ̵ϳſȥֻʮľС꣬ĸһ, ֣ôȥ

껤ͷ϶ķ, ķҪ, , ۰

ס˽ŲʱڵԼҲôسе׽֮˵˺

ץס, ĵȴ޷̽Ƥһ, ʵΪʲôҪ

ŮǸ飡ң

Сǵİķ, ΪΪǰ飬ŴĺڰѪ

ŮԶ˶٣ҲǱİ飡ûĺӣ
š

ֻƬƴճࣺŮԱһƭ, ĸԸΪһӣû뵽ӳ󰵾ͲˣҳĺӻǸܵİ飬Ů̬ԺӶ

ӿְһԹʩһϵ

꣬ʵԸԸ뿪ҿԸһʣȥط

ӵؿȻԥ

ŮԴŭƾʲôҵĺӣˣȰ㲻Ҫ£ǶҪǸҡ

ĸ׵ŭһллҡ

ֱӷס˾ŮԵ壬޷жҲ޷˵

úÿһٻشҡƽףҲ԰æ

˺ܳʱ䣬˾˫ϥֱعȥһݣ¶ӻ䣬¶˺۵˫ۣԸ⣬лл

һɫãɣߣȴ뿪

վСӦõġͷһԾɱסĸףԥ

֪ʲô뿪Ի⿪

ͷǣˡ֪ôƺˣֻһˡ

뿪

˺֣ͣڰһĸףȻһʣԼҪҪȥ

ԥһ£ǲˣȻǣҲԸҡ

ӾȻͨ͸˼ͣãЩš˵ţݸһռ

㹻ĽҺƷܳһʱˡ

ллˣ¶ϲϥһ䣬Ҫ£סˡ

ˣö͹Լѡ񡣡꣬Ŀ࣬Լѡ·ǰ;Ҫȥ

ţһģĵ

ţǾ߰ɡĿ뿪ֲԶĴ߲֪ʱվһ𷢽Ůɡ

櫾غӡ

Դӷһֱйעһһֱǰһ˲ڱǰ½鿴ؿ¡

ͦƵģ롣

λİŮɣ꼴ԵС㣬ҪȥҪȥ·̳ǣ˵ͬ·

櫱ʹһ·ͬУ˳Լ붼ûʹɣҲҪȥ·̳ǡ

ҿɷСһͬУ΢΢֣ʿʵ

ɡԼࡣ

Ǹ˼ͬһħ

Ǹؾ󺰵λϣͿˣһͰλ͵·̳ǣ

òõģ鷳ʦˡ

ؾһЦϣ˵갴ԱһťǰħǱ˷.һͷ˻һǰȥ

ŵ˭Ҳû˵

죬ȿ˿ڣλСҲῪڡ

С㣬һ֪֣ҽл磬أ

ǵģûҽܣ֪֮ͬҲû˵

ԥһ£ҲoҪֱӸ߶Էķ֣㲻ûֱӵϾԷڲûвαװ

ǣƽҽкն

õġؽ˻룬ֶλСٴκ죬˵ʲôٴ컰⡣

նСȥ·̳ǸʲôأȤʵ

˳Ĭȥ·̳Ϊ˼ӻ¿϶ܾô˵һʱҲ벻õɣֻñֳĬ

һֱȻ˵ǾˣǸ

櫽ӵĺܿ죺¡

˼Ҳ˵ﰲľس

һ·޻·̳ǡ

֧β󣬻翴վŲĵС㣬оԷʵǺ˼ЦʵնСҪȥ˵ǻͬ·ء

櫣ѻش
ȥĶȻӾͬ·Ҳ̫ˡ

ѸʶɨΧһȦһص㣬Ĺ㳡
Ƕ·̳ǳģཻǶʩ䷱һ˶ѡȥǶ硭ҲȥǶɣä¡

װȵɣҲҪȥǶնСԵ

ĬĬԼ˸ޣصǰɡȻı¶ˡ

ͬС

Ĺ㳡伫¥˼¥ȥľԺ˳Ϸ磬ϷȥϷſһϷ

Ϸ󣬻ҲеάֲЦˣնС㻹ȥأ

·Լһʴ𣬡áÿζͬ·

Ҳˣλoĺڰе㲻ˡ

򴽣еֱסˣĪ˹԰أ

籣ЦݣɣҲء
ʣѾ˵ˡ

۹⡣

ʱ򣬻Ĳɵһߵ̱һ

û뵽άɶôһȻһֱ߿ⶼ˼ˣȻǲ

ǿ

ǵģһۼʱ򣬻ƾŶֱ֪ɫĲԹɫֱϳ櫵ʵݣȻλŮ˺ģ

û뵽λŮôǿ

ͻȻоһȵߣŤͷһոջλŮȵؿ

˳ȥͿԼѾ͵ı

櫵ģ

磺ʣʾΡ

εһѱ꣬ݸ櫣͵ǸնСٱɣҪ뿪ˡ

ԥûӣ뿪 

ԣϰʾҸȥĵط

櫺ɵؿԼѾˣֽӹ񣬵õģףһ·˳硣

ţл΢Ц


˱԰ͷֵˡ

ֳһʶע뿪άɶһ

ֶһʵ̫ˣ´λô֮Ůɡĵ

ԭվһе㲻̫عʱȥһ

˵ɾ͸ɣ櫸֮ŮԾ뿪ˣֱȥһ硣

û뵽

ˡ

Ǹոմټк֡

櫣

磺

櫺һĻεغ޲ԭؿ۸άɶ

ΣΪﲢĩ

ǣһɺϡ




52.  һƽ2   Ķ

һļž֮, 翪ˡ

ºҵһѳˡأװʶˣĵ

˳̨׽ӻô, ҵһҲ÷ǳ񡣡
оѾҪ˵ɡˡ

ζʧò΢Цһ¡

, , ȿ˿ڡ

һ, , ף졣

ŵõ, ףСҲһ·˳硣

Ȼ񱳶ԱԶ, ߵսʱֱ˲뿪

ʵ̫ϡΡˡ

*
ĽֵϣŶֵ߳, ܵʻ

öˣ뵽һȷľ, ˡոֳһӰһǰӰ

櫣
Ϊʲô

ˡ

ϢȺ, ڲٸλʲôӴ

λֿһϷ, ˬظͽ, Ȼյ˸СƹŽȥ͸ʵĲԼܿ˺üƿ, һų

ǺⰡĵ

, ˿Ρ

ԭ˲, ֱȥǧ֮һǡ

ûǣ뿪СƹĻ̧ովĵطһ, ⸴ӡ

*
Ϊo֮䶼Ϭɣһʱ䣬ȥʮ֮˾Ŷܿ硣

ɺʮ֮櫾ӭѶϣкˣּˡ

Цáּˡʶ˵һþò漴ͼŸոռ̸Ŀڡ

櫵ʲô֣ȥԵ֣罻ѡ
ԷòĶ㣬Ҳûʲô

羪ıɽ˾Ȼڣҽлա˵

ƽҽаȣʶǸҲջأ̫ˡ

ЦЦͦɵģòֵܰɣ

񲢼ڽֵϣζʧòĽͻȻһ·Ȯ˻ųͬʱоʧ

ҧҧ챨
ҧңҧ
˭ң˱ˣ


һѹǰʵʵذ櫻һְֻȦһ߿Ѿ˵ǰġˡ

Ѿ֮ܳΪˡˣɫڣǣӴһۣոյĴ˿Ѿٶ˺ѣںѪҺ

ĩĻһ۾ϳǸѾȾɥʬ

ĩҲˣ

櫵ﲻȫˣǿߡ˵ʶԷͬ뻤˼뿪ΪֱǶһ١

ָ΢΢һɣȫɿʱһȪڶ

źáֱɵòУ˲͸оԼèצһ£ֵġ

΢΢ɿָսסϸݵ󣬴һ·˼ϡٵĵط

˵ȫط֮󣬻õҾ飬ո˲ͨĿ֢ǡȾʲô

˽⣬Ǻ.ͺ.Ⱦ
Ͼһ磬͸окԪЩࡣ

櫵ͷҲ֮ӦȥѰʡ

ǰɣ櫲ȷ룬һӦӦöȥѰʰɡ

ʧЦšһҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ

˵ɾ͸ɣǰйʣΪ˱ܿӵȺԼȥһС

Ȼȵ˳УŷѾ˳ֹǣбҲ쳣

һ£óҪڶϣ˵˰ɣǰȺɧһһŮҧסһ˵Ĳӡ

һȾߡ

е㲻ԣ粻źۼü⴫ٶȲ̫ԡ
һдһô죿Χô㣿
ĩտʼϲᴫֹֿ㡣

ͻȻһ²⡣
ͷһݣоԼĲ²ʮֻ

۽Ƴ櫣ֶԷҲһ˼

òᣬɡ

Ȼһ侲ΪЧʣǷͷжɣʱϡ

֪ԷҪ֧ԼӦˣõġ

ֿ󣬻һطĵȴһŻ·ӿռóһߴϣְͷңȷԼ֮ǰŲһˣʩʩȻųѰıڵء
ȷĿ󣬻ûٵ飬ֱ˲ƹȥ


֮ϡ

һ𷢽ĸӰһŻ״š

״忴ƣּ˿˿Ƶİף͸ףһĨ׻ڲϷ״嶼һ𷭹

а񣿡Ŀصؿǰ״壬࣬²⾹ȻˣıȻһа

ֲĩŸտʼȴѾڵƣ

аؽ粻ð

ǡ˼ؿ˿˿Ƶİף˲ͬѰ֮

а񡭡Ӧòıһưײǣ֪ʲôᣬȻȥʶδȴѾʧȥȨ
һҲܱ塱Ļ

յΪСණûҲ⡣

Ȼˣ˳ﱾණɡĵ

ԶԹۣĵȻˣλŮ䣬ʵĳȴⲻȻְæˡ

СĵϢעս֣һвԾǰȥ֧ԮϾаϲģðλһͲ̫·Ůעһ¡

аƣȫڸһĨף۲Ĺɤ

oαض£ȥ᲻ƽϡ

ЦһŲֱ뿪ɱ꣬ħ𣿡

аǣòģ

櫳ڰ׼𡣡

а˼һƣ߳ŭǰλŹkɴ಻ٷϻֱӷ˹

һž͹زĻҹаϼֱ櫡

櫲ҵණаֶ࣬ԲľͿС

ķתͬһ⣬Żҹȥ

ǣ߼Ӵ֮ʱҹͻȻֿܿ˽⣬

櫶һŷҹ⾹ֻʬɵġ

ʯ䣬һУ²ĺԪȾǰʬ棡
аͨʬٿ࣬ɱkоȡ棬ʵѪ⹩ֲѴ֮ɡ

ô˼

櫴ŭ̽Թֱٻ׷⣬ʹ˴Уħﾡʧ䡣

а׼͸оڴ춯ǱkѹõıͻȻ͵kĿȨ

аһĶãգһ巭ŵɳȥȻΪһҲܵ˺ȴǿʹɴϵسòҪƴܾҲа߳Լ塣

kͳʵС־ʱϢѻָ߰˰ˣ֮һֱݷţڵȴһʵʱ

ոգõʱ

ֻһҺɫĹŷ˳ȥ櫵һʱ䲶׽ֱӸk˽˲䣬֮ĲҽΪˡ

׽ʥһֱӶаõkɢ䡣

Թսļ¶ǿ˼֣оԼھΪ׳ս

ȶŮǿԺȫ

ͻȻʶԼˡ

ǺԵɣں֮ǰͷڵһʱ򣬶ԷʾʹǰڨϷֱ𣬵ԷһֱڰԼ£Ҳ֪ģϢУ¹ʵǿҲ
ʱλo湢ֱȻһֱ߿

ֱ뿪άɶУȴһֱ


һ·ͬеľλƵ˺ܶøУѡȥͷ

û뵽ˡ

ֻǳҲΣֻȱܿû뵽ܶܲǾö̹֮Ȼˡ

͵Ե֣ˡ

û뵽ԷкʵһֱΪնԼ޸оȻÿμ涼һĮû뵽û뵽ԷкնӦҲЩ΢øеİɡ
粻ȷ뵽

סԷֻϸƺͣУûĶⷺһ㱡졣

ûҲûϵһ̹ȻȻѾֲȷԼˣͲԴС

ֻҪ֣ܴ򶯺ն

翴һյo뿪
ÿʼ׼ˡ

֮ϡ

櫿һǰ׵״壬׷⣬ʵıȻʾ䣬ȴǿ϶

״嶯˶״ŤŤţգޣллᡣʲôѽ

ȻС˵
櫸оԼеȥk

櫡

աӦѩ׵СŤŤŽзɫĹš

櫽ӹһԼΪĽָ

ǣɻĽָ

ŤŤǳлᣬʲôҲûУֻлˡ˾鰮Ҳйذİ֮䣬˵ĸбøá

ԺһģģӰӣϸӰӾʧˡ
ŽָԼòֲķ˵k⣬Цŵõģˡ

ٴŤŤȥܸˣţ

鶼ˣ뿪ˡָ

ɵ״̱Ҫ뿪𣿡

ʶԷԼ˼͵ǣỹиᡣ
硭ӦѰɡ

ޡ̱˵֧ˣҲ±ϲá

ȥɣһޣҪĵطʱᡣ櫾Сβͣڿ϶Ѿˡ

õġЦӦߵʱûסߣ˰һѣָйȻá

޾ȻĲ˲䡣

Ǻù԰ĵ





53.  һƽ3   +׷

֪ǲǴ, ܸоԼ֮Լ˺ܶࡣ

硪
ǰмը꣬ȥɡ
Ȳ, ǰм, ȥ򱭱ɡ
ɹɹ, ǰмҳ, ȥɡɡ


櫣ҾҪˡ

Ȼ޵Ŀ, Ѿָ, ҲҰѵɰɡ
Ϊһλ, Ҳ, ɹЩȫûҪ

ֱС绹û⡣
ʶ棬ʲôʱ, Ҫ˺ãΪԷǣվڶԷĽǶ⡣

ȻǧĹŮȫûʶԷ׷, ĳָһͲ, ڿʵ˵, Ұʲô

磺׷㰡

һڷֶԷԼһƵϡ

ЦõˣûҸҲһ, ޸Ҷ, ֻ, һ£ãر

˵仰ԼֱǸ, ֻãرԼŵĻȻ˵
Ҫ˶˵⻰һɶԷͼ

û뵽£ȻˣŶ

ǰĴ½ҲֲرõģѾϰˡ

翴ı飬ͻȻ͸ضʲô

նȻܻӭҪټӰѾˣ

*
ĸоЩӣԴ챻һԽָ֮ͱòԾŻܾԺǸӰ

ôأǲʶð

櫺ܿͰܷϵˣȴʶؿ磬Ƶˡ

ԼתˣȻ̥㲻ϡ

ûϵ

*
ﶺ˼£ط֪͵ĩ

˼λƵǰ̨һǸڿ쵽ˣ˫˷ˣֻʣһ󴲷ˡ

Ťͷ櫵ȥľƵ꿴ɡ

Ƶǰ̨ŮʿλȥĵطҲһģƵͷȱʵǾƵΪ۸ƫһ㶼һԱģȥĵط϶ˡ

ɫ΢֪Ƶǰ̨˵ȷʵʵ̽Եؿ櫣ȣ㡭

֪ʲôҡҡͷҶԡ

˯һ䷿ûʲô˵ģǰļһء

õͷ޹˼ɣˬضһ󴲷

λķ9520Ƶǰ̨ű׼ְҵ΢ЦǶλķ

ֽӹһŵݸ櫣лл
Ȼͺ櫲ȥ˵ݼ䡣

Ϊԭ򣬾Ƶ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬Сĵػ櫣ȦԼʵı۰ʵʵļϷסݱڡ

ò׵˾¥ĸ첲Ѿ˻صײ˽ʮΣ߳ʱ˦˦첲ĶӳС

ϾΪ
櫳ſڣֱۻ𣿡

籾˵û£Ǵĵ͸˿ڣеۡ

Ҹɡһ߽һߵ

ð˶Դֱ̡

ɳϣ첲һࡣ

һ࣬һϢطųʹ⡣

λƺеĵ

Ȼ֪ԷҲǱʶܾҪǻţûһ͵ˣˣѾˡ

õġ櫴ջ֡

ɫֱϴϴ˯ʿȣϴ

߽ԡң׼ֱģھ̫̫ԣֻ÷ʹ̫ظԼϴ˸裬Ȼɢʪš

翴ɢʪ櫣һ˲俴ˡ

˿˯ɵع壬¶ߣʪĽ𷢴ڼ󱳣ʪһƬ¶Եһĺ롣

ԼЩƵɤ㴵ͷɡ

櫿ŴӦõġĲԼ֡

𴵷Сĵһƽ𷢣ʼ櫴ͷ

ϸĽﻬ뵽ǰ˶ʱΪ˱ⱻӵȺɢס֫һ¡
ϸĴƺͣġ

һݣ˼ʼרĺĵķ˿

櫶ɳϣ˰Ūͷ

ʱʱ鷢ɨϾ࣬һĸо

żеĶһ

òײͷ櫵ĶѾͲݮһɫˡ

װûһ·ȥϴ裬һɳϡ

Ȼԡңˮ֮櫲˴һۺˡ

ƺ񣬿ܣλһ˼
ְסλãо

飬飬顣
Ϣ

ʱ򣬻᲻Ծ죬͸

ô졣

ʷһƬհ׵ĹŮã



ûһϴĻͳˡ˯µǴúܹأͷʪģһֱµˮʪ˯µĺ󱳺ͼ࣬¶ԵļѪš

櫿ʪ֪ôģͷһģͷʹ㴵ͷɡ

Ҫôһ٣۵׸ֵľϲܿ챻ѹȥõõġ

ǰ龰ֻ֣ζŵ˱˻硣

櫿ŻĶ̷е㲻֪룬ộöò

ֻ˶ΣָŪͷСĵôɡ

ڻͷ̣ܽдȫĶ֮󣬴ƤϸСë׵Ĳ

ȫɣҲһ

գһ㻹𣿡

붮˼̵û£Ϩ˯

櫵˵ͷ

Ϩ.š

ã

¾ŵʲô櫵ҲԾ᣺

ŶԷ信ͦգĵر۾

ҹЩķ˸ı䡣

*
ڡ

sʢĽգһ죬Ůٶڸطֹڼң

cǣΪֹ֮ǡ

ʱ˿̣櫺ͻֹֹ֮

ѡһСԼ

һģͣһߴĦŶԷ̬ȡ

ܸо֮״̬һɴһܴƣǴ֮ľʲôȴ޴ӷֱ棬û˸״ơ

һһģ ȻµĶȴõģͷŽʱԺȴͻȻһ

ѡĩˣ

ͬĩ

ôˣһ߰°ťһʵ

ǳУа񡪡

ȻǱ߾ͻȻû

һݣתտȣȣͻȻм£Ҫ̸ϻȥˣ鼱֮²г櫵ıüʱָˣģġ

ָָ

櫿۵׺εļУƽţȥɡ

·ͻȻ֮˳ȥһž˸˵ĵط˺ռȥ

ԭԥƬ̣ȥɫأȻС£Щġ

ָϰһʶȷ԰֮󣬾׷뿪ķȥ

ôۿʼղġ

ͷһβӱĵĺͼйǻΪѶеԸȥ롣

չ鲻һ

*
ĩ֮ϡ

һ׺ĿȥСкֱͦվţηӵغͶ漸ӡ

Ȱȳ뿪ԸǰСﴫ˳

ɶҪǰЩаҲ񣬵kܱˣ߷ߵ룬ĨȥǵѪĵѡôٲkҪŲס˰

Ϊ׵ĶͷдǵĺаɭɭῴǳӲ

һ壬Щˣȴǿŵ겻Ҫ̫ĵؽ磡

ڰаһٶ໰һ֣ͺλаֱ

˱һùѪû뵽֮ϲǰλoһǸյûãһʹ󲹣ܵoƷֻ

˼а񰵵ԸҪġ

а붮Ҫ˼

һ壬ܿ׽⣬϶ദҲʣѸ١

ƵСͨ죬Ѫܵģһ˿ڻûϾֳµ˿ڡ

顪һ촫һССӰԶԶ˳ȥ

аֹ̧ʾˡ

Ȼkǰ ׼׽ȴû뵽kո̤һǰͳһɹһͨĿռѷ졣

ѷһߴӰճ͸˵kһ

а޷ɳȥһаϣѶԷҷɳȥ֮ԼסΡ

k־ŭؿͻȻֵһλoʵǺ񣿣

ޱۺ˵ŭ⼸Ρ

ȻĵؽҰǻˡ

аһĻ֪߲ƣӿϺͷѪζλаһơ

аȻڡ

ԶռϢѿһС죬һϸӰ˳

櫡

ĿԶûмǰǳһ˫ʵ

ȻԷ࣬սǿһӦkûкֵĻ

ϢԼڸеͬʱ۲Զoǵһһ

ԶսѾ𽥰Ȼа϶˲ʣڵѪһһµΣҲˣͱȽǿԡ

۽ƳԼ첲ϵ˿ڣЦˣʵҲ᣿

аʧȥһ첲Ǳ۵ײԹ겻ҪԴ󣡡
kϣصkȷʵˣû뵽һͼħ绹ӵǿʵ

kǻû䡣

аǹаЦݣͷһʶܿվĵطһ룬һ޴Ĵ־͵˺ռ䣬䵽ովĵط

Զսͷһݣʶǰһ

ʵ

޴֣аǿȥ˷ܣȵغϣϣ

ɫһݣɫؿͻȻֵһĴk޴ͷʮ˸Ĵ֣ÿ϶̣ȥ产ˡ

ŵkĳ֣аϵ˿ͻȻʼϣҲøӱ˷.һ

㣬ЩаĹǡ˶ۡ

޴ͿϺϣͳ洫񣬲ˡ

һȡ

㿴ȥרУ˵ֱӳ˹λаҲһ˹

һ˰ΧȦ

Զò׻ָ˵Ԫһ棬׼ȥæ˭ϸϾͰһֻ֡

kֵһͷͿһż

𶯣ȥk

Űɵؽסԭأɲؿ

λoȻڵk޲¿k

ʵɲ⡣

櫿˵kĹǣģ᲻Ầkk˶٣ѡ

С建ȥk֪Ϊܲǰλoûж⡣

櫰ס֮һ׷ͳУһǿԼƿĿ⣬ֱаȥ

ĵؽ磬ͷаӦԸ

Ҫģǿʱġ




54.  һƽ4   ʽ

櫸һ̾͸֪, Ͼĵؽ磬ӵоԵƿȨ

ֻǸеܾȣû뵽ԼڶԷѾ˷, ֵƿռ

·һ˲ͱ˼Ѫ, ĹƶȻ, Ƶôаˡ

Ϊÿа, ǰλа, Ȼһ, ӦȴΪ, ܷȥעǱߵս

Ȼ;ȵطǱ߼Ҳһߵľơ

˵һǧ˰٣ƴԼ˶ҪôаҲ, аȻҲǿ󣬵չ˼ɣƺ˰, һغѶദҲʡ

ۿԼ櫲ļλаͻȻһҪع, ƴ, ҲҪش

ȻѾնɱһλ˵а, ʣλʱԷһ뷢Ƽ, ҲֲȥעǱߵս֡

ûעĵط, һżĺ֮ǰа֮Ȼ, εƮ˴аڡ

аͻȻǿƣһͬھļƣƵû粻òȫԸ, Ҳûע⵽ϸ΢仯

Ա߹ս˵ע⵽ˣk񱻿ӣжԻ

ѡոаΪаа֮׵Ҫע⣡

һݣ¶ȻվɣԺȴ֪ˣл

ѣӹעǰĶ֣ϸ۲֮󣬹Ȼ˲ͬ

аľ޴ϣ֪ʱһһ׶Щ׶ڵ棬էһ޴ӷֱ棬ϸܷ֣Щ׶͵̲ͬһ״滹Ʈֵĺ

װûз֣Ʋ䣬ȴйעЩ׶

ʱ櫸׼նɱһoԷȴͻȻԱ׼ȴǱը˸⧲ǣҲۿֽܾʣµλаȻҲԱ

һʱ䣬櫱ըˣҲܵ˳ನĲ

ΨдаȻö˶˵ԭأλаĻаϢøΪǿ

۽⿴櫣æǱ߿ȥ׼סԼվˡ

ջ֣еε±

аеĴֶҷ裬޴ó졣

Сģkˣ硣

ƾ̾Ϳһ̫а帺ѹضĿ̬

֪ˡ糯Ͷȥһ

ֱ۽һ˸ٳɣ̷һȻǿĹаϣõkˡ

kѡǿĵط塣ɫء

аѡ޷յĻаתΪӶǿƥ

ǵkӦ񺣡˼

Ծ֪ˡû뵽ЩаģϧԱҲҪŤתܾ֡

ܿϧkǵĴעҪˡ

櫲ֻ֣ʣһжԷ޹˼ɣֱӿݣֱӹط֮۳ɰϯа

ҲűıݣԪأ뷨֮У÷ȥӿɲ

Ʊ˵ķЯ֮ݺݵ˴а

ɲǼ䣬رɫɽӺľݰܡ

ط·𶼾ֹˡ

㶵ؿߣֻüԼ˸ֵ֣ನˣҲұϼˣСӲ԰ס

սȦ룬ನ¶Ȧݡ

櫺ͻȻö˶˵վǶадȴѾʧˣֻˣŨڵѪɴɵ罦

аĳ޹⣬Ϣ΢Ȼѱش޷֮

һǸ绷˺ܴƻæ޸

ŽĿأɫЩȻ

ЦҡҡͷûϵҪа񣬱ضɸ꣬ѾǱȽϺõĽˡ

򴽣ûٴηһս˴а

ȴа񳹵״ɢͷʯ£ĵãεа񲢲Ǻܼ֡

߹ˡ

ת׼ͻ˵ȴû뵽üתͱǼԱǼ⡣

ʶһϷ𱡺졣

û뵽ͻȻת⧲Ҳ͸

ջΣߵܹһصȻаˣھȥ޸ɡ

kָָµ˼Ҿ磬˵оݡ

̿ڣɡ
û뵽Ҳ̷ͬ˵һһģһĻ

ɻسһۣСֹһ˵Լõô

ֹλãһֲյȥĺɫٶӣ쵽˲ӡ

ؽ绨λoü칦

Ϊ櫱ϾǱܺܺõ޸磬󲿷ʱǿĻƫƫܳʲôżҪæˡ

Ⱦͱˡ

櫿ȥ԰ָʵԼĹ˾ȻãΪԵеаɣÿа

Ǵҷֹ޸磬˻ָ硣

˰֮£ȴӿ죬ܿ޸硣

λ˳ְ޸ĩ֮ǰӡ

ָ죬ʽˡ




55.  һƽ5   Ը⡣

ظһ飿櫵ɴ˫, Щֲ

絥ϥǰ˫һӨ͸ˮʮɫ, תɫʰ쵵Ĺ, ɼеɽ, Ӻ

ֿ, ɫ֣أ, н֮񡣡

֮, Ϊ֮, ֤ͬ

Щ޲ߣ꣬һЩʱ䡣

ս֮, Ϳϲ̸̸̸֮Щ, λʶԼ⣬ǿв⣬ε, ƮƮҹ¡

һֱ, ׶ͬ, ڱ˴ﶼ͸ġ

ȻûҪ¶ˡ

Ȼʱһ޸, һ߽Ŷ, ޸, ҲӦ뿪ˣ粻ͺûᣬçһç, ֱӸס

çˡ

ûֱӾܾ˵ǿǣ˵ĻܴôʱŬЧġ

վ֣֮ذˮģͳõģţ͵Ĵлɡ

ԥƬ̣Դ񣬻ˣлл

£۵Ц⣺ÿǣǣꡣ

Ӧš


صʱסʱ櫻ЩʵС

ķתӨ͸ˮȻ֣ˮЩʵС

ȷԻ粢޸У෴кøУǸ涼䣬Ըݵλ֮ϡ

ټǻһô£йôõĻ䣬û˱ǸϤ˴ˡ

ˮָı棬һˮһġ

ԼԼɽӴһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣

Ϊӡ֤²⣬ųһʶ̽ˮ֮С

˲䣬鵽ʲôתһ΢ѣθйȥ֮һϤİ硣

˵ϤΪ޸һģһ˵İΪˣÿ϶ŰҸЦݣҴңϢڶ

ǡ
ѵЩɻ

ûŪҪͿǰܹһˣ߰ɣҪˣ

˾Ȼǻ硣

ûмװͨɫ䣬ɫ㣬һñϻһС졣

Ȼ֪ҪǳڶԻΣȥһֵֹĽͨߡ

ȻΪ·ʵ̫櫡γˡ

ɫ԰ף΢΢ۣתͼŻ¸кѣУȴֻʹһ˿˿󲿷ֵȻ޷ʹˡ

櫹˲òʣ͵ۣЩɲ

Եû

ãȻֻһ˿˿Ҳܻγˡ

ԥǰĻ磬ĿжЩ̽
ǲ̫Ҫ

ǰͳ˿٩٩̸ĻܵϤעӣŤͷ˹ȥ¶һЦҪš

رˣɾ裬΢΢˫

ȴ͵ˣһǰߣ֪Լԭһ棬ŵĵΡ

ӦΪȫ˷񣬵ֱҪΪ˶˳ġ

ܽʲôĿⶼߣľҲᳬס

յøոպá

ϣȥ˻硣

ʲôΪ˵˻ĸ

ͻ֪ˡ̬ȻǺܺãģʵ⣬ȴһֶ͸¶ֻĵȴ

櫲⣬ˣŻô϶ĵ֮ͨУһͷ羰ȷʵ˼

֮ǰĸܣȴֲȫһȤζԣ˼

ָо棬ᣬ෴Щϲ

ĺ˽롣

ڽһʱ棬һֱŻ絽ιۣЩδĩݻ٣ۼ׳žȻ⣬Щδʷʱ䳤ӵĺƵ׳

ʱ䲻֪͹ȥˣŽɢʱ櫻Щᡣ

Ƕ˼ŽɢĵϾ͹ֿһԼΡ

ͬˡ

ʱ䣬λ˱ݵĿռʻŷɻ͵ȸʽĽͨߣʻڴϡС·䣬ÿһɽӣ칤ù

ڹЩʤżɽĳһ죬櫲ޱ޼ʵĴԭϵʱͻȻҳ֮һֱϣһҷɽӵˣҵ˺ܶ꣬ûˡ

ֱ㡣ҵ˺ܶɫʣеĺڰɽӱ˲ɫģҵж˴ûйȤ

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